A Trip to the Joggins Fossil Cliffs in Nova Scotia

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Family vacation with the Duffs always includes some geological sights.  In 2007 we visited Prince Edward Island and had a wonderful time but the there just wasn’t enough geology there to satisfy my curiosity so I took us on a 2 hour detour in Nova Scotia.  After a lot of “are we there yets” and […]

Implications of Artifacts and Bones on Ancient Human Butchery Practices

A small antelope leg bone with cut marks, indicative of early human butchery practices with stone tools. The tools for making these cuts where also found in the same area. (Credit: Image courtesy of Baylor University)

A recently published study is making news the last couple of days. It regards evidence obtained from remains of preserved bones of human scavenging and/or hunting practices.   The site of the dig is a hillside in southern Kenya where, in less than an acre, more than 3700 fossils and more than 2000 artifacts have been recovered […]

Human Fossil Footprints: Exploring the Fringes of Creationism

This is a human fossil footprint from Ileret, Kenya.  This footprint is widely accepted as an authentic footprint fossil  (center) beside a foot (right) and color-contoured 3D laser scan image (left) of the print.  This fossil was found in relatively young rock that is thought to have formed from a volcanic ash event after which someone walked across the new ash prior to its preservation. (Credit: Brian Richmond/George Washington University)

A friend of mine recently gave me a book that he had found at a local library book sale knowing that I have an interest in creationists’ books.  The book was entitled Evolution and Human Fossil Footprints by Aaron Judkins. I knew right away that the focus of the book was probably on the Paluxy […]

NH Notes: Context is Key For Interpreting Large Fossil Find in Spain

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One small site in Spain has yielded 1800 fossil bones from at least 18 species of extinct large animals. That is the update today about a fossil site that has been under investigation for 10 years.  The site represents one of the best sites for fossil carnivores because of the unique circumstances under which it […]

NH Notes: A Trunk and Tusk-Challenged Fossil Elephant

The extinct elephant Deinotherum was quite a bit larger than even the largest elephant today. It's bones have been found from Asia to Europe and through the upper half of Africa.  This report from Kenya is the first time I've seen their bones associated with evidence of human occupation.

I have been thinking about Elephants the last couple of days and may write more about elephant following in the vein of my recent posts on horses.  For now I just want to introduce you to one really weird extinct elephant.  I call it an elephant because of its obvious similarities but just like with […]

When Flightless Birds Ruled the Land: The “Terror” Birds of the New World

Titanis Walleri, fossilized Terror bird skull.  Image: Scientific American, February 1994.

I thought the moas from New Zealand (see Consider the Moa) would be my last word on flightless birds. But as I was reading about the moa I ran across literature about the “terror birds”  that really captivated me because I couldn’t believe I hadn’t heard that much about them before.   The so-called terror birds (the Phorusrhacidae) consist of […]

DNA from a Fossil Canine Skull: Confirmation of an Ancient Domesticated Dog

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Where did domesticated dogs come from?   That dogs are wolves has been known for some time but which wolves and when did domestication occur has been a more difficult question to answer.   Thousands of dog breeds and wolves have been genotyped to explore this question and that evidence suggests four and possibly more, separate wolf […]

NH Notes: Fossilized Animal Borrows in Argentina

This is a photograph of a typical borrow complex found in Triassic formations in Argentinia.  The scale bar in the pictures is 10 centimeters.  Horizontal shafts are labeled "A" and vertical shafts that continued doen into rock below or would have gone up to the surface are labeled "B". This is Fig 3 from: Colombi CE, Fernández E, Currie BS, Alcober OA, et al. (2012) Large-Diameter Burrows of the Triassic Ischigualasto Basin, NW Argentina: Paleoecological and Paleoenvironmental Implications. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050662
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050662.

A quick natural history note this morning.  I was looking for some information for my class and ran across this image which was just too cool not to share.  It shows a form of trace fossil. Trace fossils are not fossilized remains of actual organisms but instead are evidence of the past presence of organisms. […]

Did T. Rex Really Have Tiny Arms? – Historical Science and Creationism

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As a follow-up to a class discussion of the nature and validity of historical and experimental science,  I came into class yesterday and posed three questions to my students:  Why were T. rex’s arms so short?  Does repeated head trauma on the football field cause chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?, and Why do our fingers wrinkle […]

Geological Context II: Neanderthals and the Italian Supervolcano

A cave with sedimentary deposits on its floor.  Exposure to the atmosphere allows for sediments to be carried into the cave by wind, tracked in by animals but most material is feces from bats and other organisms that make temporary homes here including humans.  This particular cave on ?? island of Indonesia is where the skull and some bones of the so-called human "hobit" fossils were found 5.9 meters below the current surface in a pit seen in this picture.  These sediments also contain volcanic ash layers that allow ages to be assigned to different depths.

There are thousands of sites with either human remains or artifacts (stone tools usually) that are known across southern Europe and many are found in locations where they are found in layers stacked on top of each other like in caves or flood plain locations along rivers. But, the exact pattern of Neanderthal and modern human population migrations and changes is not my main interest.

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