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Kinds Are Not New2024-08-25T18:56:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/08/19/conspiracy-theories-gaining-traction-among-young-age-creationist-audience/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/moon-land-conspiracy-yecswarn.jpgMoon-Land-Conspiracy-YECsWarn2024-08-19T22:09:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/08/08/answers-in-genesis-misleading-claims-lies-about-mammals-and-dinosaurs/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cc-thislieneedstostop-jurassic-beavers.jpgCC-ThisLieNeedstoStop-Jurassic-Beavers2024-08-06T02:33:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/08/07/this-week-in-creationism-ep-76-shakeups-conferences-and-misconceptions/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/twic-67-july2024.jpgTWiC-67-July20242024-08-15T15:37:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/08/05/the-london-hammer-its-real-and-its-fake/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/cc-londonhammer.jpgCC-LondonHammer2024-08-04T12:06:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/08/03/trillions-of-fossils-the-ancient-foundation-of-ken-hams-ark-encounter/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/fossil-shells-ark-encounter-property.jpgFossil-shells-Ark-encounter-propertyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/pxl_20240721_184634572.jpgPXL_20240721_184634572https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/ark-encounter-fossils-ordovicians-whydonttheyusethem.jpgArk-Encounter-Fossils-Ordovicians-WhyDontTheyUseThem2024-08-03T12:08:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/07/04/tiny-surgeons-how-ants-use-amputation-to-protect-their-colony/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/amputating-ant-behavior.jpgAmputating-Ant-Behavior2024-07-04T02:29:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/07/03/are-scientists-scared-of-dinosaur-dna/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/homogloginchallenge-part8-carissa-dinodna.jpgHomogloginChallenge-Part8-Carissa-dinoDNA2024-07-04T18:23:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/26/behind-the-scenes-the-path-to-earning-a-phd-in-science/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/phd-originsofliferesearch.jpgPhD-OriginsofLifeResearch2024-06-26T02:44:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/22/immune-in-eden-exploring-pre-fall-physiology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/ud-immunesystems-perfectparadise-1.jpgUD-ImmuneSystems-PerfectParadise2024-06-25T17:43:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/24/this-week-in-creationism-episode-66-climate-change-denial-and-the-truth-about-dinosaurs/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/twic-66-april2024.jpgTWiC-66-April20242024-06-19T23:24:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/23/the-marvels-of-desert-adaptations-a-critique-of-icrs-continuous-environmental-tracking/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cc-desertadaptations-icr-cet-june2024.jpgCC-DesertAdaptations-ICR-CET-June20242024-06-19T00:23:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/20/the-ancient-connection-how-earth-and-mars-reveal-our-planets-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cc-mars-earth-eccentricityclimatechange.jpgCC-Mars-Earth-eccentricityclimateChange2024-06-16T21:20:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/17/answers-from-genesis-how-ai-could-revolutionize-creationist-outreach/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/biblicalworldview-chatbot.jpgBiblicalWorldview-Chatbot2024-06-17T18:14:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/06/15/the-evolution-of-answers-in-genesis-and-the-future-of-young-age-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/recoveringevangelicalsinterviewjune2024.jpgRecoveringEvangelicalsInterviewJune2024https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/image.pngimage2024-06-15T17:44:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/05/01/divine-action-a-new-solution-to-the-marsupial-migration-problem/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/marsupial-migration-soluition-god-did-it.jpgMarsupial-Migration-Soluition-God-Did-It2024-05-11T22:23:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/29/meme-mythbusting-critiquing-a-creationist-meme/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/meme-myths-ep1-geckos-not-evolving.jpgMeme-Myths-Ep1-Geckos-Not-Evolving2024-04-29T14:15:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/20/celebrating-and-reflecting-on-milestones-2000-subscribers/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/2024-2300-subscriber-specialmeatjoelduff.jpg2024 -2300 subscriber SpecialMeatJoelDuff2024-04-20T15:19:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/18/ken-ham-poodles-and-all-species-including-humans-are-degenerate-mutants/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/hambytes-poodlesaredegeneratemutants.jpgHamBytes-poodlesareDegenerateMutantshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/mastodon-population-growth-greenland-migration.jpgMastodon-population-Growth-Greenland-Migration2024-04-21T03:26:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/04/unearthing-the-past-fossil-footprints-that-contradict-young-earth-narratives/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/flood-geology-failures-paulprice-preservationtoday.jpgFlood-Geology-Failures-PaulPrice-PreservationToday2024-04-07T13:22:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/15/ken-ham-genesis-compromisers-are-products-of-academic-pride-and-bow-to-academic-pressure/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ham-bytes-ep1-surrounded-by-compromisers2.jpgHam-Bytes-Ep1-Surrounded by Compromisers22024-04-04T23:42:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/04/exploring-deep-time-and-deeper-faith-with-jim-stumps-the-sacred-chain/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/exploring-deep-time-and-deeper-faith-with-jim.jpgEXPLORING DEEP TIME AND DEEPER FAITH WITH JIMhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/sacredchain.jpgVersion 1.0.0Version 1.0.02024-04-04T17:23:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/10/flood-geology-failure-fossilized-caves/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/flood-geology-failures-fossil-cavesicr.jpgFlood-Geology-Failures-Fossil-CavesICR2024-04-03T03:31:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/02/this-week-in-creationism-episode-63/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/twic-63-march2024-ortland.jpgTWiC-63-March2024-ortland2024-04-02T03:48:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/04/01/did-adam-and-eve-have-tails-a-molecular-genetic-tale/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/didadamhaveatail-tbxt-whereyouthere.jpgDidAdamHaveaTail-TBXT-WhereYouThere2024-04-06T00:34:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/03/24/review-of-the-ark-and-the-darkness-a-critical-perspective/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/arkanddarkness-firstreaction.jpgArkandDarkness-FirstReaction2024-04-05T23:13:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/08/31/the-ark-encounter-sits-on-a-foundation-made-of-trillions-of-fossils/2024-03-15T01:00:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/02/12/a-plea-to-pastors-and-theologians-who-preach-on-social-media-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/plea-to-pastorsonsocialmedia2024.jpgPlea to pastorsonSocialMedia20242024-02-18T17:07:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/01/21/a-plea-to-pastors-and-theologians-who-preach-on-social-media/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/socialmediass.pngSocialMediaSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/route66e.jpgRoute66e2024-02-11T23:02:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2024/01/12/testing-book-smarts-with-observation-john-ray-1735-on-the-value-of-knowledge-creation-2/2024-01-12T19:50:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/12/23/john-calvin-on-the-ancients-ability-to-divine-truth/2023-12-24T00:32:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/23/john-calvin-natural-law-ancients-ability-to-divine-truth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/calvin-john-reformed-theology-common-grace.jpgcalvin-john-reformed-theology-common-gracehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/john-calvin-institutes.jpgjohn-calvin-institutesJohn Calvin2023-12-23T21:23:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/12/22/isaac-newton-mosaic-account-of-creation-burnet-theory-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/thomas_burnet_by_jacob_ferdinand_voet.jpgThomas_Burnet_by_Jacob_Ferdinand_VoetThomas Burnet (17????https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/isaac-newton.jpgIsaac-newtonSir Isaac Newton (16??2023-12-26T23:59:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/03/21/dinosaur-footprints-eggs-and-bones-are-paleontologists-creating-fake-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/gascgr4.jpgGascgr4Fig 4 from Gasca et al. 2017. Their fig legend: Synthesis of the vertebrate fossil record of the Mirambel Formation in the Ladruñán anticline, showing the vertical distribution of tracksites, bone-bearing sites, eggshell occurrences and palaeoenvironments.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/gascaf5.jpgGascaF5Figure from Gasca et al. 2017 showing a reconstruction of the habitat that formed this particular rock layer. 2023-06-07T22:55:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/05/08/a-fossil-paradox-footprints-are-rarely-preserved-in-stone-and-yet-are-very-common-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/flood-geology-failures-too-many-footprints.jpgFlood-Geology-Failures-Too-Many-Footprints2024-04-06T01:09:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/02/24/preservation-of-behavior-fossilized-elephant-tracks-from-the-arabian-peninsula/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/single-elephant-trackway.jpgsingle-elephant-trackwayhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/aerial-elephant-trackway.jpgaerial-elephant-trackwayAerial image of the entire area where preserved elephant tracks are found. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/elephant-trackway.jpgelephant-trackwayA close up of some of the elephant tracks preserved in rock. In the left hand image you can a small outcrop of rock that has not eroded indicating that this entire area was at one time covered by at least this much rock which has eroded over time, probably by the action of blowing sand.2023-04-22T12:49:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/03/01/a-quadrillion-mutations-later-why-are-you-still-alive-a-response-to-genetic-entropy/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/qudrillionmutations-coverimage.jpgQudrillionMutations-CoverImagehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/mutations-vs-substitutions.jpgmutations-vs-substitutionshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/cagan-2020-mutations-gutcells.pngcagan-2020-mutations-gutcellshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/mutations-celllineages.pngmutations-celllineageshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/mutation-cloning-balance-life.jpgmutation-cloning-balance-life2023-03-28T19:46:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/03/28/are-gods-knitting-needles-revealed-in-the-creation-of-lebron-james/2023-03-28T23:19:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/02/14/birds-are-not-dinosaurs-examining-ken-hams-hypocritical-viewpoint/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/ham-hypocritical-viewpointondinosaurs.jpgHam-hypocritical-viewpointonDinosaurs2023-02-28T14:13:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/02/02/ken-ham-finds-threats-to-young-earth-creationist-within-young-earth-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/twic-43-kenham-wars-with-yees-creationists.jpgTWiC-43-KenHam-Wars-with-YEEs-Creationists2023-02-15T19:40:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/01/25/dinosaurs-dragons-and-ken-ham-the-literal-reality-of-mythological-creatures-3/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/dragons-literal-reality-andkenham.jpgDragons-Literal-reality-andKenHam2023-01-25T15:10:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2023/01/23/wall-e-paradise-regained-reflections-on-the-garden-of-eden-and-mans-work/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/wall-e-redemptionofworkandthegardenofeden.jpgWALL-E-RedemptionofWorkandtheGardenofEdenhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-17.pngimage-17https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-16.pngimage-16https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-15.pngimage-15https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-14.pngimage-14https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-13.pngimage-13https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-12.pngimage-12https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-11.pngimage-11https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-10.pngimage-10https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/image-9.pngimage-92023-01-25T14:35:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/12/14/are-cliff-swallows-evolving-to-avoid-automobiles/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cliff-swallows-naturalselectionofwinglengthinnebraska.jpgCliff-Swallows-NaturalSelectionofWingLengthinNebraskahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/swallow.jpegswallow2022-12-14T16:20:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/10/27/young-mars-creationism-what-happened-to-the-water-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/marstop2jpg.jpgMarstop2jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/1284ml0060440030504992e01_dxxx.jpg1284ML0060440030504992E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ark-encounter-evidence-flood-mars.jpgArk-encounter-evidence-flood-marsA display on the Ark Encounter displaying evidence that Mars had experienced a catastrophic flooding event in the past. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/ark-encounter-earth-vs-mars-global-flood.jpgArk-encounter-Earth-vs-Mars-global-flood2022-10-27T11:29:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/02/25/a-letter-of-concern-thoughts-on-the-global-coronavirus-crisis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/coronas.jpgCoronas2022-06-29T11:30:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/05/20/untraced-lineages-reveal-rosetta-stone-flaws-in-traced-human-dnas-big-surprise/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/untraced-lineages-jeanson.jpgUntraced-Lineages-Jeanson2022-05-20T15:59:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/05/13/are-species-created-with-hidden-information-pre-adapted-for-future-environments/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/hidden-diversity-created-kinds.jpgHidden-Diversity-Created-Kinds2023-02-15T14:55:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/01/07/the-manifold-beauty-of-genesis-one-reviews-and-interviews/2022-01-25T14:27:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/01/06/the-mosquito-that-produced-more-than-a-little-buzz/2022-01-12T20:02:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/12/a-vivid-demonstration-of-bacteria-adapting-to-antibiotics-via-mutation-and-selection/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshot3.pnghms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshot3https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshot.pnghms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshotA screenshot of the HMS bacterial evolution video. Here they show where important mutations occurred in some lineages of bacteria. A change in color indicates that a mutation changed the DNA code. Image: HMS video, see credits on screenshot below.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hms-bacterial-evolution-credits.pnghms-bacterial-evolution-creditsScreenshot of the credits from the videohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/hms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshot2.pnghms-bacterial-evolutionscreenshot2In this screenshot of the Harvard Medical School video we see the first bacteria that have had the right mutations to resist antibiotics and take advantage of the resources in the second lane with low dose antibiotics. Credit: HMS, see credit screen below,2022-01-06T02:41:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/12/29/the-best-critique-of-flood-geology-written-by-a-flood-geologist/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/flood-geology-critiquebyfg.jpgFlood-geology-critiquebyFG2022-01-04T21:25:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/01/04/young-earth-creationism-in-2022/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/twic-2022-overview2.jpgTWiC-2022-Overview22022-01-05T01:01:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2022/01/03/amazonian-forest-islands-accidental-products-of-ancient-human-occupation-3/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/amazonian-forest-islands-humanorigins.jpgAmazonian-Forest-Islands-HumanOrigins2022-01-03T19:35:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/11/29/did-adam-have-a-tail-ken-ham-adam-and-eve-and-a-tale-of-tails/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/didadamhaveatail-tbxt-geneevolution.jpgDidAdamHaveaTail-TBXT-geneEvolution2021-12-10T16:23:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/11/20/review-the-manifold-beauty-of-genesis-one-a-multi-layered-approach/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/manifold-beauty-genesis-one-cover.jpgManifold-Beauty-Genesis-One-Cover2021-11-22T20:36:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/10/15/where-is-noahs-flood-in-the-geological-column/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/slide1.jpgNoahic Flood Boundary2021-10-21T18:45:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/05/09/dont-be-a-jerry-its-time-for-us-to-resist-the-hand-washing-edicts-of-the-cdc/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/dontbeajerry-stophandwashing.jpgDontBeAJerry-StopHandwashing2021-08-12T11:42:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/07/21/multituberculates-and-the-yec-flood-post-flood-boundary-problem/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/floodboundary-multituberculatetest.jpgFloodBoundary-MultituberculateTest2021-08-03T06:12:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/07/19/young-earth-creationism-in-2021-part-4-final-thoughts-and-new-creationism-resources/2021-07-21T14:28:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/07/12/the-next-generation-products-of-ken-hams-young-earth-apologetic/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/duff-debunked-hyperspeciation.jpgDuff-debunked-hyperspeciation2021-07-14T00:51:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/06/29/young-earth-creationism-in-2021-the-dawn-of-the-new-creationist-part-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/thenewcreationists-part2-1.jpgTheNewCreationists-Part22021-07-04T20:06:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/07/01/young-earth-creationism-in-2021-defining-characteristics-of-the-new-creationists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/new-creationits-characteristics.jpgNew-creationits-Characteristics2021-07-11T03:16:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/06/24/young-earth-creationism-in-2021-the-dawn-of-the-new-creationists-part-1/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/young-earth-creationism2021-dawn-new-creationists.jpgYoung-earth-Creationism2021-Dawn-new-creationists2021-06-29T13:56:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/07/20/can-you-spot-the-difference-the-slowly-changing-surface-of-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/spotthedif.jpgSpotthedifhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1047ml0046000030306005e01_dxxxb.jpg1047ML0046000030306005E01_DXXXBA bit closer view of the thin layers of rock that have eroded into sheet of rock that jut out from the rock wall in gravity defying ways. Image: JPL/NASA-Catltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1047ml0046000030306005e01_dxxx.jpg1047ML0046000030306005E01_DXXXA hillside with thousands of wafer-thin layers of rock on Mars. Taken by the Mars Curiosity Rover. Image: JPL/NASA-Caltech 2015https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/google-game-spot-difference-app.jpgGoogle-game-spot-difference-appThe restaurant kids meal activity "spot the differences" has many android app versions now including this one by ??. I expect it would take a keen eye to notice the difference in a 6000 year old photograph of Mars and one taken today. 2021-05-29T15:43:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/07/12/cacti-biogeography-a-prickly-pear-problem-for-young-life-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/opuntia-prickly-pear-bush-berkeley.jpgOpuntia-prickly-pear-bush-BerkeleyI am standing next to a large prickly pear cactus in Berkeley CA. There are several other cacti in this picture as well. The prickly pear has red fruits called "pears." You can see a couple of those just to the left of me. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cactus-death-valley-scene3-croppedbeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgCactus-Death-Valley-Scene3-croppedBeechnut-Photos-rjduffI took this picture of a flowering cactus "bush" in Death Valley National Park. In this same area there were no fewer than 3 other species of cacti including two species of Opuntia (prickly pears) https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cacti-flowers-wyoming-beechnut-photoscropped-rjduff.jpgCacti-flowers-Wyoming-Beechnut-Photoscropped-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/joel-joshua-tree-parhump-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgjoel-Joshua-Tree-Parhump-Beechnut-Photos-rjduffI'm posing in front of a large Joshua tree in Nevada. These "trees" are one species of Yucca. Photo: Joel Duff from tripodhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/yucca_filamentosawiki.jpgYucca_filamentosaWIKIYucca filamentosa image: By Moriori – Originally uploaded to Wikipedia, here., Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2612497https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/cacti-phylogenyf4-large.jpgCacti-PhylogenyF4.largehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/various_cactaceaewiki.jpgVarious_CactaceaeWikiCactus varieties  By G. Mütrel, Leipzig ; Berlin ; Wien : F.A. Brockhaus – Brockhaus' Konversations – Lexikon v. 2, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=340634892021-05-17T16:03:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/01/08/snowmastodon-fossil-discovery-mastodons-mammoths-camels-and-giant-sloths-in-alpine-colorado/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/paleoreconstructsm.jpgAge of the mammoth38 x 57 inch painting, acrylic paint on muslin mounted on wooden frame. Painting represents the Snowmastodon Excavation site at Zieger Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado when mammoths roamedhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/snomassxs.jpgsnomassxsGeneralized stratigraphic diagram of the Ziegler Reservoir during excavation. figure 4 from Miller et. al. 2014 (see refernences) https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/pigatietalfig11-zieglerres.pngPigatietalfig11-ZieglerResGeneral time line for the formation and filling of this ancient lake. Figure 11 from Pigati, 2014 (see references) https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/zieglerressmass.jpgZieglerResSmassZiegler Reservoir at Snowmass showing how the site of this ancient lake sits nearly on top of a mountain ridge. From Pigati, 2014 (see references)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/snowmasscolorado-mammothlocation.jpgSnowmassColorado-MammothLocationLocation of Snowmass ski village (orange arrow), Colorado just north of Aspen and the high peaks of the Colorado Rockies. The Colorado River lies just to the north. Map from Google Maps, Google Inc. 2021-05-15T10:27:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/01/16/the-elephants-in-the-room-rapid-migration-and-recolonization-of-the-earth-following-a-global-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/migratingmam.jpgmigratingmamImage-Ice_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Antónhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/800px-megalonyx_wheatleyi_-_amnh_-_dsc06327.jpg800px-Megalonyx_wheatleyi_-_AMNH_-_DSC06327There were many species of ground sloths some of which could stand nearly twice as tall as an adult human. The one one in at snowmastodon was only about human height. Image credit: Exhibit in the fossil collection of the American Museum of Natural History, Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA. Photography was permitted in the museum without restriction.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/camelops.jpgCamelopsCamelops was an ancestor of modern Old World camels. It lived widely across western North America and was taller and heavier than modern camels. It is unknown if it had any humps. Image credit: Wikipedia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/proboscideans-northamerica-paleobiodb.jpgProboscideans-NorthAmerica-PaleobioDBLocations of Proboscidean fossils in North America from The Paleobiology Database https://paleobiodb.org/ There are over 1300 documented/published collection sites. There may be as many undocumented sites. The snowmastodon site hasn’t even been included yet in this database!https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/megalonyx-paleodatabase-na-fossils.jpgMegalonyx-paleodatabase-NA-fossilsDistribution of Megalonyx (giant ground sloth) fossils from The Paleobiolgoy Database. 2021-05-15T10:18:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/03/09/global-flood-on-mars-where-did-the-water-go/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/the_flood_after_the_impact_node_full_image_2.jpgDB-TIFFESA image of Mars surface showing elevation in color. Channels where water once flooded the plain are clearly visible. A large crater interrupts this channel indicating it was formed at a later time in Mars history. ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/mars-globe-water-past.pngmars-globe-water-pasthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/458463main_pia13163-north-pole-mars-dry-ice-cap.jpg458463main_pia13163-north-pole-Mars-dry-ice-capThe North Pole of Mars showing season dry-ice cap. Image: NASA2021-05-15T09:56:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/04/05/the-false-hope-of-a-mature-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/false-hope-mature-creation-appearance-age-1.jpgFalse-hope-mature-creation-appearance-age2021-04-19T02:48:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/07/14/kind-of-confusing-young-earth-creationist-classification-of-the-bombardier-beetle/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardier-beetles-summary-natural-historian2-1.jpgBombardier-Beetles-summary-natural-historian2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardier-beetles-summary-natural-historian-1.jpgBombardier-Beetles-summary-natural-historianhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardier-beetle-whatisakind-creationism2.jpgBombardier-beetle-whatisakind-creationism2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardierbeetlepaussus.jpgBombardierBeetlePaussushttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardierbeetledifferences.jpgBombardierBeetleDifferenceshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/galeritalecontei.jpgGaleritaleconteihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/bombardierbeetlesexamples.jpgBombardierBeetlesexamples2021-03-01T13:58:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/02/16/social-media-reach-of-young-earth-creationist-organizations/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/social-media-reach-young-earth-creationism3.jpgSocial-Media-Reach-Young-Earth-Creationism32021-02-21T19:05:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/02/01/my-first-step-into-social-media-parasitic-plants-and-the-garden-of-eden/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/parasitic-plants-first-post2.jpgParasitic-Plants-First-Post2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/monotropa-uniflora-ghostplant-indianpipe.jpgMonotropa-uniflora-ghostplant-indianpipe2021-02-11T21:08:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2021/01/25/ham-and-thomas-get-their-platypus-egg-genes-scrambled/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/kenham-platypus-monotremes-cover.jpgKenHam-Platypus-Monotremes-Cover2021-02-07T02:19:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/02/15/young-life-creationists-who-are-the-people-that-believe-they-can-replace-darwin/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/macmillan-evolution-creationism-ken-ham-ancestors-full.pngMacMillan-Evolution-Creationism-Ken-Ham-Ancestors-fullYoung-Life Creationist' view of the origin of carnivores. The animals in the circles represent the "ark kinds" or common ancestors of the species in each kind. Each species has evolved from those common ancestors but YLC's insist that there can be no common ancestor of each of these kinds despite the fact that the differences in each of these Ark kinds is less than that of the species within a kind in the present. Image created by David MacMillan for his article that explores Ken Ham's increasing embrace of Darwin. 2020-12-16T17:45:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/11/23/cheaters-prosper-as-long-as-they-are-in-short-supply-macarthur-masks-and-anti-vaxxers/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/macarthur-masks-anti-vaxxers-cover.jpgMacArthur-Masks-Anti-vaxxers-cover2020-11-29T01:27:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/11/20/young-earth-apologist-david-rives-and-a-tale-of-ancient-dna-discovery/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/creationismandancientdna.jpgCreationismandAncientDNA2020-11-21T20:59:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/10/29/nectar-robbing-bees-natural-evil-and-the-image-of-god/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/nectar-robbers-natural-evil-cover.jpgNectar-robbers-natural-evil-cover2020-11-23T10:11:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/24/nh-update-fuzzy-orange-galls-on-oak-leaves-2013-2015/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/gall-wasp-pinoak-tree-leaf-aug-2013.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-tree-leaf-Aug-2013https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/gall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio1500.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio1500https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wasp-galls-oak-leaves-leaf-22aug2015.jpgWasp-galls-oak-leaves-leaf-22Aug2015https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wasp-gall-oak-leaf-22aug2015-red-furry-closeup.jpgWasp-gall-oak-leaf-22Aug2015-red-furry-closeuphttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wasp-gall-oak-leaf-22aug2015-red-furry.jpgWasp-gall-oak-leaf-22Aug2015-red-furryAugust 22, 2015. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/galls-furry-red-orange-oak-aug2015.jpgGalls-furry-red-orange-oak-Aug2015Image: Joel Duff2020-10-13T03:00:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/10/12/lessons-in-geostatism-and-the-coronavirus-hoax-learned-at-the-dog-park/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/grace-blimp-calvin-birthday.jpgGrace-blimp-calvin-birthday2020-11-24T02:43:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/10/01/gall-wasps-fuzzy-orange-galls-on-pin-oak-leaves/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/wasp-galls-driveway-frompinoakcallirhytis-furva.jpgWasp-galls-driveway-frompinoakCallirhytis furvaMy driveway September of 2020 as the galls dropped off of the trees. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/wasp-galls-2020-pinoakleaf-ohio2callirhytis-furva.jpgWasp-galls-2020-pinoakleaf-Ohio2Callirhytis furvaMy trees in late September 2020 just as the galls began to separate from the leaves prior to the leaves falling from the trees. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/i-naturalist-oak-gall-wasp-distribution-map.jpgI-naturalist-oak-gall-wasp-distribution-mapScreenshot of the distribution map of reports of oak galls from the wasp Callirhytis furva on iNaturalist.org. Each read square is a location where the galls of this wasp have been reported. If you go to the map you can zoom into to a detailed street map and see pictures if the person reporting the galls uploaded one. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/galls-on-ground-wasp-pin-oak-acorns.jpgGalls-on-ground-wasp-pin-oak-acornsGalls on the ground among the pea gravel under the swing set. Pin oak acorns are also present. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/gall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio-up-close1200.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio-up-close1200Close-up of gall wasp gall on pin oak leaf. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/gall-wasp-pinoak-tree-leaf-aug-2013.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-tree-leaf-Aug-2013Galls along the main vein of a pin oak leaf. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/gall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio-up-close1600.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio-up-close1600Fuzzy gall wasp galls on leaves.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/gall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio1500.jpgGall-wasp-pinoak-leaves-ohio1500Fuzzy reddish galls on the surface of pin oak leaves in my backyard. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/gall-wasp-pin-oak-cut-open.jpggall-wasp-pin-oak-cut-openGalls picked off of pin oak leaves and sliced open. Image: Joel Duff2020-11-23T14:24:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/09/28/young-earth-creationism-and-biodiversity-loss-mass-extinction-disposable-planets-and-macarthur/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/young-earth-extinction-environmentalism.jpgYoung-earth-extinction-environmentalism2020-10-14T22:45:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/07/26/young-earth-hyper-migration-drowned-ice-age-caves-contradict-young-earth-timeline-of-human-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/drownedcave2-1.jpgdrownedcave2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ochre-mines-ice-age-creationism.jpgOchre-mines-Ice-age-creationismhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/jeanson-c14-toyec-date-chart.jpgJeanson-C14-toYEC-date-chartScreenshot from a presentation by Dr. Nathaniel Jeanson with Ken Ham discussing “The new history of the human race.” Here he is explaining how “evolutionary years” are converted into young-earth calendar years. I have placed the orange arrows to illustrate how a 10,000 year conventional date is converted to a 2000 year young-earth date. 2020-09-22T21:03:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/07/22/answers-from-jeanson-revealing-the-truth-of-josephs-global-famine/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/answers-from-jeanson-joseph-famine-2.jpgAnswers-from-Jeanson-Joseph-Faminehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/answers-from-jeanson-joseph-famine-1.jpgAnswers-from-Jeanson-Joseph-Faminehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/jeanson-joseph-famine.jpgJeanson-Joseph-FamineScreenshot from video presentation by Dr. Jeanson in which he talks about the global language found in the Joseph narrative in Genesis 41. 2020-08-13T21:59:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/16/nh-notes-underwater-cave-yields-fossilized-teenager-from-the-ice-age/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/hoyo-negro-figure1-science-2014chattersetal.pngHoyo-negro-figure1-Science-2014chattersetalFigure 1B and C from ??? et al. in Science (2014). https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/skull-hoy-negro-cave-yukatan.jpgskull-hoy-negro-cave-yukatanIn a flooded cave in Mexico, divers transport a skull for 3-D scanning. Between 12,000 and 13,000 years old, the skull is part of the most complete skeleton of such antiquity yet discovered in the Americas. PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL NICKLEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIChttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/hoyo-negro-divers-national-geographic.jpgHoyo-negro-divers-National-GeographicDivers search the walls of Hoyo Negro, the underwater cave on Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula where the ancient skeleton was found. PHOTOGRAPH BY PAUL NICKLEN, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC2020-07-12T15:30:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/08/31/human-remains-in-a-drowned-ice-age-cave-dont-fit-young-earth-chronology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/human-remains-mex-cave.jpghuman-remains-mex-cavehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/journal-pone-018334.pngjournal.pone.018334Fig 1. from Stinnesbeck et al. 2017 (See references for link) Geographical position and site of the Chan Hol skeleton. a: Location of submerged caves containing human skeletal remains dating to >8000 BP in the Tulum area of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Orange dots refer to human remains [20, 21, 25]. The red dot marks Chan Hol II. b: The Chan Hol II archaeological site prior to looting. The arrow points to the CH-7 stalagmite analyzed here. (c) Reconstruction of the skeleton based on photographs of the site prior to looting. Note that the skeleton was originally complete and almost articulated (Photo courtesy Nick Poole and Thomas Spamberg 2020-07-12T11:50:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/yec-hyper-evolution-archive/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/parasitic-wasp-daucus-female3.jpgParasitic-wasp-daucus-female32021-06-25T11:47:28+00:00weekly0.6https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/06/20/dogmatic-assertions-of-expertise-having-faith-in-flood-geology/2020-07-04T17:38:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/06/03/chimps-orangutans-and-gorillas-evolved-from-a-common-ancestor-on-noahs-ark/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/aig-exhibitphylogeny.jpgAiG-exhibitphylogeny2020-07-04T16:34:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/06/05/a-six-day-evolutionist-it-depends-on-what-you-mean-by-evolution/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/page-desert-pool.jpgPage-desert-pool2020-07-04T16:32:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/10/30/institute-for-creation-research-goes-all-in-on-denying-the-reality-of-natural-selection/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/icr-natural-selection-not-real-guliuzza1.jpgICR-natural-selection-not-real-guliuzza1https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/icr-natural-selection-not-real-guliuzza.jpgICR-Natural-selection-not-real-guliuzzahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/hartville-pond-oct23-fall.jpgHartville-pond-Oct23-Fallhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/chipmunklookingthroughgrass.jpgChipmunkLookingthroughgrass2020-07-04T13:54:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/10/31/what-has-the-response-been-to-replacing-darwin-the-new-origin-of-species/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/replacing-darwin-responser-review-origin-species1.jpgreplacing-Darwin-responser-review-origin-speciesControversy or Ambivalence? The resonse to "Replacing Darwin" by Dr. Nathaniel Jeanson. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/replacing-darwin-responser-review-origin-species.jpgreplacing-Darwin-responser-review-origin-specieshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/morphcompnipam-patel.jpgMorphcompNipam-Patelhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/gyandromorph.jpggyandromorphhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/replacing-darwin-cmi.jpgReplacing-Darwin-CMI2020-07-02T16:46:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/02/22/a-strange-testament-to-an-ancient-earth-bat-breath-causes-caves-to-grow-larger-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/ges.jpgges2020-06-18T17:31:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/05/31/finding-mars-on-earth-tissint-meteorite-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/meteoriteaust.jpgmeteoriteausthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/tissintmartianmet.jpgTissintMartianMethttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/meteorite-on-desert-pavement.jpgmeteorite on desert pavementSmall meteorite on desert pavement. The blackened exterior is a giveaway. If there were a volcano within 20 miles it might be tempting to suggest it was a piece of magma thrown here but a closer inspection would reveal that this meteorite is not hardened magma from earth. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/meteroite-find-antarctica1.jpgMeteroite-find-antarcticaHmm, maybe this black rock lying on this ice field is a meteorite.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/meteroite-find-antarctica.jpgMeteroite-find-antarcticahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/searching-for-meteorites-in-antarctica.jpgSearching-for-Meteorites-in-AntarcticaOn the hunt for Meteorites in Antarcticahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/lunar-meteorite-m88105-antarctica.jpgLunar-meteorite-M88105-AntarcticaMacAlpine Hills 88105 is a lunar meteorite found in Antarctica in 1989https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/tissint-mars-meteorite-morocco.jpgTissint-mars-meteorite-moroccohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-gases-viking-alh84001-graph.gifMars-gases-viking-alh84001-graphThis graph shows the abundances of some elements and isotopes in the martian atmosphere compared to the same elements and isotopes in the martian meteorite EETA 79001. The martian atmosphere was measured, on Mars, by the Viking lander spacecraft in 1976. The gas in the martian meteorite was measured in laboratories on Earth. If the two gas samples were identical, points on the graph would fall on the straight line from lower left to upper right. As you can see, the gas from the martian meteorite is identical to the martian atmosphere. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-meteorite-alh84001-antarctica2.jpgMars-meteorite-ALH84001-antarctica2Mars meteorite found in Antarctica in 1984. Since its discovery it has been chopped up into many pieces and distributed to many research labs. 2020-05-31T17:51:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/05/21/dissent-with-modification-young-earth-creationists-deny-and-accept-macroevolutionary-theory/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/trees.jpgtreeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/iamyoureve.jpgiamyoureve2020-06-18T03:38:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/04/26/is-natural-selection-the-same-thing-as-evolution-assessing-dr-purdoms-confusing-answer/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/ladybug-taking-off-duff.jpgLadybug-taking-off-Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/purdom-evoltuion-natural-selectionscnsht.jpgpurdom-evoltuion-natural-selectionScnshtScreenshot of the Answers in Genesis webpage with Dr. Purdom's video. Below is the title of the first article below the video. Page: https://answersingenesis.org/natural-selection/2020-05-01T04:06:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/08/10/natural-selection-semantics-a-student-reacts-to-a-young-earth-definition-of-evolution/2020-05-01T04:06:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/04/15/a-family-history-of-coronavirus-origins-and-future-prospects/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/coronavirus-genome-tree.jpgCoronavirus-genome-treehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/coronavirus-cover-fifthwave-next-1.jpgCoronavirus-cover-fifthwave-Nexthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/preprint-batswestindies-cov-24.jpgPrePrint-BatsWestIndies-CoV 24https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/phylogeny-coronavirus.jpgPhylogeny-Coronavirushttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/hcovorigin.jpgHCovorigin2020-05-24T00:41:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2020/02/19/the-case-of-the-shrinking-comet-and-the-age-of-the-universe-2/2020-02-19T15:03:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/11/17/dinosaurs-and-humans-living-together-the-lsdyec-apologetic-of-ken-ham/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/dinosaurs-tower-babel-humans-eden-ken-ham-crop.jpgdinosaurs-tower-babel-humans-eden-ken-ham-crophttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/osborne-aig-talk-dinosaurs-people-genesis.pngOsborne-AIG-talk-dinosaurs-people-GenesisAn slide from early in Osborne's kids talk about dinosaurs. Here he was referring to the early relationship of man and dinosaurs. In their original state they only ate plants and would have had no fear of man. Image: Joel Duff2020-02-07T15:00:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/03/14/trillions-of-stone-age-artifacts-a-young-earth-anthropology-paradox/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/southern-libya-stone-artifacts-survey.jpgsouthern-libya-stone-artifacts-surveyA researcher is recording artifacts from a one meter square plot in the Libya Sahara desert. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/hand-axe-southern-libya.jpghand-axe-southern-libyaHand axe from southern Libya deserthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ice-age-timeline.pngice-age-timelineIce-age timeline showing also where stone-tool making is expected in the young earth timeline. This is a typical timeline presented by Answers in Genesis and ICR.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/lithic-artifacts-lybia-ground.pngLithic-artifacts-Lybia-groundFigure C of the supplemental material from ????? PLOSone2020-01-25T14:41:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/12/16/the-liturgy-of-creation-reading-genesis-1-as-a-festival-calendar-narrative/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/sunset-rubberbowl-may2018h.jpgSunset-rubberbowl-May2018hhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/liturgyofcreation.pngLiturgyofCreation"The Liturgy of Creation: Understanding Calendars in Old Testament Context" by Dr. Michael LeFebvre (2019)2020-01-01T16:33:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/30/dodging-darwin-how-ken-hams-ark-encounter-is-slowly-embracing-evolution/2020-01-01T16:32:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/12/31/vision2020-thefutureofnaturalishistoria/2020-01-20T14:41:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/20/john-walton-the-lost-world-of-genesis-one/2019-12-29T14:26:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/27/the-historical-creation-view-of-sailhamer-part-3/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/genesis_unbound_sailhamer2011.jpgGenesis_unbound_sailhamer2011Genesis Unbound (2nd ed. 2011) by John Sailhamer2019-12-24T13:10:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/23/historical-creation-of-sailhamer-part-6-relationship-of-genesis-1-and-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/gardenofeden2.jpgGardenofEden22019-12-24T12:54:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/25/historical-creationism-view-of-sailhamer-part-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/genesisbookimage.jpgGenesisBookimage2019-12-24T12:35:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/23/the-historical-creationism-of-sailhamer-in-genesis-unbound-part-1/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/sailhamerbooks.jpgSailhamerBooksA selection of John Sailhamer's bookshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/genesis_unbound_sailhamer.jpgGenesis_Unbound_SailhamerCover of the 1997 book "Genesis Unbound" by John Sailhamer2019-12-23T14:13:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/12/18/how-rare-are-stone-age-artifacts-a-visit-to-a-stone-tool-making-center-at-kathu-south-africa/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/hand-axe-insitu2-kathu-townland-stone-age.pngHand-axe-insitu2-Kathu-townland-stone-agehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/hand-axes-large-kathu-2013.jpghand-axes-large-kathu-2013A sample of hand-axes found at Kathu. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/hand-axe-insitu-kathu-townland-stone-age.pngHand-axe-insitu-Kathu-townland-stone-ageA hand-axe pictured as it was found. Complete specimens are not common probably because they were not used here and so they would have been taken elsewhere to be used. This one was probably lost in the sand and rock after production. Image from Walker et al. 2013 report: A second phase 2 archaeological data recovery at the site of Kathu Townlands of Erf5116.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/sample-pit-kathu-stone-age-2013.pngSample-pit-Kathu-stone-age-2013A sample pit from Kathu Townlands Stone Age site. Stone Age artifacts are found throughout the column down to bedrock. The small rock pieces here are fractured bedrock from a hill nearby with wand blown in from the Kalihari dessert. Image from Walker et al. 2013 report: A second phase 2 archaeological data recovery at the site of Kathu Townlands for Erf 5116: Kathu, Northern Cape Province.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/hand-axe-kathu-2013-stone-age.pngHand-Axe-kathu-2013-Stone-AgeHand axe collected at the Kathu Townlands Stone Age archeological site. Image from Wilkens et al 2013 report: A second phase 2 archaeological data recovery at the site of Kathu Townlads for Erf5116: Kathu, Norther Cape Province.2019-12-17T13:11:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/12/13/man-made-hunting-structure-under-lake-huron-a-north-american-doggerland/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ancient-hunters-used-v-shaped-blinds-to-trap-caribou.jpgancient-hunters-used-v-shaped-blinds-to-trap-caribouLake Huron caribou hunting groundhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/underwater-archaeology-lake-huron.jpgunderwater-archaeology-lake-huronDivers examining boulders at the bottom of Lake Huron that served as caribou drive lanes for prehistoric hunters. Photo courtesy of Tane Casserly Source: http://www.pasthorizonspr.com/index.php/archives/12/2011/lake-huron-reveals-a-prehistoric-pasthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/florida-ice-age-today-future.jpgFlorida-ice-age-today-futureThe past coastline of Florida. Evidence of human occupation has been found in many places off of the current coast of Florida in areas that would have been above sea level 10,000 years ago. Image from: http://www.adirondackexplorer.org/book_reviews/deep-future-the-next-100000-years-of-life-on-earthhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/huron-bathymetry.jpghuron-bathymetryBathymetry profile of Lake Huron. The strip of land (reds/organge) that goes from Michigan down toward Ontario is the portion that woudl have been above lake level during the latter years of the past ice age.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ice-age-aig-timeline-creationism.gifice-age-AIG-timeline-creationismThe Answers in Genesis conception of when the ice age occurred after the Flood. Source: AIG page http://www.answersingenesis.org/articles/ka/v8/n2/when-was-ice-age2019-12-18T03:46:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/29/nh-notes-todd-wood-on-creationism-and-the-origin-of-species/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/thechosenbunnies-toddwood-kinds.pngthechosenbunnies-toddwood-kindshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/understanding-kinds-bunnies-todd-wood-youtube.pngunderstanding-kinds-bunnies-todd-wood-youtube2019-11-26T01:55:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/11/18/a-tale-of-taphonomy-clam-shrimp-fossils-and-the-age-of-the-earth-2/2019-11-26T01:39:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/11/12/gods-knitting-needles-revealed-in-the-creation-of-mike-trout/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/mike_troutwiki.jpgMike TroutAngels at Orioles June 27, 2012https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/mike_trout1.jpgMike_Trout1By Keith Allison on Flickr - Originally posted to Flickr as "Los Angeles Angels center fielder Mike Trout (27)", CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=158751212019-11-12T00:24:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/11/11/the-lake-malawi-sediment-chronometer-and-thetoba-super-eruption/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/volcano-iceland-wikiarni-frioriksson-e1573479092543.jpgvolcano-iceland-Wikiarni-friorikssonhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/mountsthelens.jpgMountStHelensMt St Helens, Washington Statehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/core-image-lake-malawi.jpgCore-image-lake-malawiExample of finely-laminated, diatom-rich silty-clay, deposited when Lake Malawi was very deep. These are typical for much of the hundreds of meters of sediments that were cored by the Lake Malawi drilling project. Image courtesy of the Lake Malawi Drilling Project.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/lake-malawi-drilling-project.giflake-malawi-drilling-projectUniversity of Rhode Island graduate student Meghan Paulson recovers a 50,000-year-old lake sediment core aboard the drilling barge Viphya, during the Lake Malawi Drilling Project in 2005. In the background are the Livingstone Mountains. Photo by C.A. Scholzhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/sediment-core-c14-toba-ash-thenaturalhistorial2.pngSediment-core-c14-Toba-ash-thenaturalhistorialGeneralized cartoon graph of the relationship between the age of sediments and their depths in cores from the middle of lake Malawi in Africa. The slope of the line drawn through the radiometric dates predicts the rate of sediment deposition each year. Following the line down through where the Toba ash is found in the column finds that the Toba ash is predicted to be 70 to 80 thousand years old which is in the range it has been dated in other locations.2019-11-13T11:55:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/11/08/the-toba-super-eruption-and-polar-ice-cores/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ice-core-greenland.jpgIce-Core-Greenlandhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/google-earth-map-toba-india-sites1.jpgGoogle-earth-map-Toba-India-sitesGoogle Earth map showing Toba volcano and sites where evidence of that volcano is found. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/google-earth-map-toba-india-sites.jpgGoogle-earth-map-Toba-India-sites2020-04-08T02:21:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/05/04/toba-tuff-adam-super-volcano-flood-geology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/toba-ash-deposit-foxnews.jpgToba-ash-deposit-FoxnewsA cross section of the ash layer found in a valley in India. Image credit: http://www.foxnews.com/images/299448/0_22_070709_toba_deposit.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/mesa-volcanic-ash-yellowstone-inidaho.jpgMesa-volcanic-ash-yellowstone-inIdahoCloser view of Mesa Falls ash-flow tuff and underlying fallout ash exposed in a quarry near Ashton, Idaho. Photograph by Robert L. Christiansen in July 1983. http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/yvo/images/gallery2/ashton.phphttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/volcano-eruptioin-size-comparison-usgs.jpgVolcano-eruptioin-size-comparison-USGSComparison of material emitted for a number of famous volcanic eruptions. All the ones that emitted 100 cubic kilometers or more and considered super-eruptions. Toba has erupted more than once but the one shown is the youngest. Image credit: USGS - http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/images/pglossary/eruptionsize.phphttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/640px-eyjafjallajokull-april-17.jpg640px-Eyjafjallajokull-April-17An ash plume rising from Eyjafjallajökull on April 2010. Ash from this volcano grounded air-traffic in Europe for days and weeks in 2010. This was a small explosion compared to Krakatoa, Pinatubo, and Mt St Helens, and yet even those were tiny eruption compared to super-eruptions in places like Yellowstone and Sumatra. Image Credit: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/simanindo_lake-toba-crater-wiki.jpgSimanindo_lake-toba-crater-wikiLake Toba which is found today in the collapsed caldera crater of Toba volcano in Sumatra. This lake is 100km long and 30km wide and was formed after an estimated 2800 cubit kilometers of ash was thrown into the atmosphere. For comparison, Mt. St Helens in Washington State only spewed 1 cubit kilometer of ash. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/toba-india-occupaton-stie-oxforduimage.jpgToba-India-occupaton-stie-OxfordUImageMapping of stone tool artefacts on a Middle Palaeolithic occupation surface under the Toba ash. (Credit: Image courtesy of University of Oxford)2019-11-07T03:42:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/11/05/the-toba-super-eruption-the-global-catastrophe-that-creationists-ignore/2020-10-20T02:52:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/11/14/polar-bear-test-identification-key-of-theistic-christian-views-models-creation-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/polar-bear-test-origins-models-views-creation-key-rjd.jpgPolar-Bear-Test-Origins-Models-Views-Creation-Key-RJDhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/polar-bear-test-flowchartofcreation-views-origins-joelduff2.jpgPolar-Bear-Test-FlowchartofCreation-Views-Origins-JoelDuff2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/acronyms-origins-views.jpgAcronyms-origins-Viewshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/acronyms-origins-models.jpgAcronyms-origins-Modelshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/webarebearscn.jpgwebarebearsCNhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/polar_bearwiki.jpgPolar_bearWiki2020-11-23T23:30:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/10/29/a-primer-on-young-earth-views-of-speciation-mutations-and-natural-selection/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-orchard-coverimage.jpgAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-Orchard-CoverImagehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-evolution-tree2.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-Evolution-tree2The creationist' view of evolution. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-evolution-tree.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-Evolution-treeThe creationist' view of evolution. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/ https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-2019-2.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-2019Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-orchard.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-OrchardThe creationist' orchard Screensh hypothesis of species origins. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/ https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-naturalselection2.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-NaturalSelection2YEC understanding of natural selection. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-naturalselection.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-NaturalSelectionThe creationist understanding of natural selection. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-mutations4.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-mutations4YEC understanding of the role of mutations in evolution. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-mutations3.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-mutations3YEC understanding of the role of mutations in evolution. Screenshot from a FB Live presentation from the Creation Museum by Karina Altman (AiG zookeeper) on 10/24/2019. https://www.facebook.com/AnswersInGenesis/videos/2489836967972558/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/aig-speciation-fblive-altman-mutations2.pngAiG-Speciation-FBLive-Altman-mutations22019-11-03T10:19:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/09/18/pando-the-words-heaviest-organism-is-an-ever-growing-witness-of-an-ancient-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/aspenstrees-joel2-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgAspensTrees-Joel2-Beechnut-Photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/pandoaspengoogle.pngPandoAspenGoogleGoogle Streetview screenshot of a portion of the Pando aspen grove in Utah. 2019-10-21T20:48:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/06/15/reflections-on-a-creationist-approach-to-scientific-apologetics/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/duff-joel-panel-discussion-small-guatemala20151.jpgDuff-Joel-panel-discussion-small-Guatemala2015Yours truly looking reflective while a member of a panel discussion at a conference last week in Guatemala. I am probably just having a hard time answering an off-the-wall question posed by an audience member. Fortunately I was allowed to speak at this conference and had a wonderful time with a very engaging audience.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/duff-joel-panel-discussion-small-guatemala2015.jpgDuff-Joel-panel-discussion-small-Guatemala2015Yours truly looking reflective while a member of a panel discussion at a conference last week in Guatemala. I am probably having a hard time answering an off-the-wall question posed by an audience member. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/duff-joel-speaking-guatemala-2015.jpgDuff-Joel-speaking-guatemala-2015Yours truly speaking in Guatemala the following week. Fortunately I was allowed to speak there and had a wonderful experience with a great audience. 2019-09-28T22:29:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/11/06/what-is-a-perfect-trait-the-prelapsarian-paradise-in-our-own-eyes/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/calvin-elijah2ndday.jpgCalvin-Elijah2ndday2019-09-19T14:47:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/09/10/a-walk-on-the-beach-preserved-in-stone-how-fossilized-turtle-tracks-refute-young-earth-fossil-doctrine/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/stutracks.jpgstutracksThree of the seven loggerhead trackways found at one site. Jan De Vynck From TheConversation article - see link in references.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/sandblocktracks.jpgsandblocktracksAuthor Martin Lockley working on the surface that contained seven sub-parallel hatchling loggerheard turtle trackways. Charles Helm2019-10-30T16:33:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/07/geological-context-v-a-ken-ham-nightmare-human-footprints-found-below-ice-age-deposits/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/cliff_erosion_happisburgh.jpgcliff_erosion_happisburghhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ancient_footprints-northern-europe.jpgancient_footprints-northern-europePicture of the rock with footprints with the identified human prints identified. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/2654841404.jpg2654841404ddhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/footprint-hollows-norfolk-england.jpgFootprint hollows on the beach at Happisburgh, NorfolkHuman footprints in stone are observed during low-tide after a storm has removed the sand. Image credit: https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/early_britain-river-thames.jpgearly_britain-river-thamesMap of Britain long ago during low ocean level. The former location of the River Thames. Currently it discharges after going by London but in the past it went 60 miles to the North discharging in the area near this fossil site. 2019-09-10T13:16:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/31/cave-with-structures-made-from-stalagmites-another-problem-for-yec-chronology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cavestructurestalags.jpgcavestructurestalagshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/bruniquelcave-neanderthalstructures-nature.pngbruniquelcave-Neanderthalstructures-Naturehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/burntstalagscave.jpgburntStalagscaveI close up on some of the broken stalagmites showing the imact of fire on them. They are all covered by a new coat of calcite and you can see the white stalagtite which has grown since the structure was abandoned. Image: Michel SOULIER – SSAC2019-08-28T12:29:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/08/19/young-earth-creationism-leads-the-short-necked-okapi-to-identify-as-a-giraffe/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/ark-encounter-giraffe-kinds-sign.jpgArk-encounter-giraffe-kinds-signhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/okapi-wiki.jpgOkapi-Wiki2019-09-09T15:47:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/08/13/a-challenge-to-ken-ham-send-your-employees-to-professional-science-conferences/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/nasascimeet.jpgnasascimeetImage credit: NASA Ames2019-08-22T14:41:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/08/09/ignoring-the-plank-a-young-earth-apologist-inadvertently-writes-a-brilliant-critique-of-young-earth-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/mathew7removingthespeck2.jpgMathew7Removingthespeck2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/mathew7removingthespeck.jpgMathew7Removingthespeckhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/mathew7.3-5-removethespeck-log.jpgMathew7.3-5-RemovetheSpeck-Loghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/fe.jpgDesc: Scientist leaving the world. Engraving c.1520. Allegorical representation of changes in medieval conception or interpretation of the heavens when it was thought that the world was flat ¥ Credit: [ The Art Archive / Kharbine-Tapabor 2019-09-15T21:00:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/14/flat-top-hills-as-ancient-lava-flows/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/inverted-valley-lava-st-george.jpgInverted-valley-lava-st-georgeFormer valley floor covered with lava is now a flat topped hill with an airport. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/lava-fields-on-sandstone-st-george-utah.jpgLava-fields-on-sandstone-st-george-utahA bit north of St. George this is what these lava fields look like. Here it is clear that the lava (black basalt) are "poured" out over the red sandstones that are so common in this part of Utah. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks of Google Inc and use with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/st-george-overview-lava-capped-hills.jpgSt-george-overview-lava-capped-hillsThis is a large overview of the St. George area showing the source of the lava flows. I have outlined the major lava fields that still remain today. The lava came from up north were there is a large moutain with massive lava fields. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks of Google Inc and used with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/st-george-volcanic-lava-capped-hills.jpgst-george-volcanic-lava-capped-hillsThis is a view of one of the lava-capped plateaus on the east side of town. Again, you can see the dark rim of hardened lava (basalt) right at the top. Google and the Google logo are trademarks of Google Inc and use with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/st-george-volcanic-lava-capped-hills-airportroad.jpgst-george-volcanic-lava-capped-hills-airportroadA view from on top of the lava-capped hill overlooking St. George. This is from the airport road. You can see the dark basalt rock that forms the upper layers of the hill. Google and the Google logo are trademarks of Google Inc and used with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/st-george-ut-google-map-lava-topped-hills.jpgSt-George-UT-google-map-lava-topped-hillsGoogle maps screenshot of St. George UT. There are three flat topped hills here in this area one of which has been used as an airport. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks and are used here with permission.2019-08-07T20:00:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/08/06/ancient-rivers-the-exhumed-palaeochannels-of-utah-and-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/invertedpaleochannels.jpgInvertedPaleochannelsHere you can see several inverted palaeochannels and how one river joined another. 2019-08-14T02:24:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/08/03/the-appearance-of-age-and-the-origin-of-the-hawaiian-islands/2019-12-17T06:49:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/07/30/young-earth-evolutionists-talking-about-hyper-speciation-and-theological-implications/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/asa2019-coverslide2.jpgASA2019-CoverSlide2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/asa2019-coverslide.jpgASA2019-CoverSlide2019-08-06T18:29:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/07/23/what-is-a-lily-ken-hams-confusion-over-biological-classification/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/orchid.jpgOrchidBy Nicolas Perrault II - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=392662392019-08-08T20:52:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/06/29/reflections-2013-pca-general-assembly-age-of-the-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/lisle-talk-megachurch.jpgLisle-talk-megachurchasdasdhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/suspended-in-space-lisle.jpgSuspended in space-lisleImage from a past presentation by Dr. Lisle on the same topic. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/old-earth.jpgold-earthhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/lisle-300x244.jpglisle-300x244Dr, Jason Lisle, researcher and speaker for the Institute of Creation Research2019-07-10T18:51:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/07/10/stranger-things-creationist-views-of-speciation-and-natural-selection-in-the-1980s/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/abeka-1986-supersitionvsgodcreated-man-comingfrommudjpg.jpgAbeka-1986-supersitionvsGodcreated-man-comingfrommudjpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/abeka-1986-samespecies.pngAbeka-1986-samespecieshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/abeka-1986-fact-fiction-caninesvscarnivores.jpgAbeka-1986-fact-fiction-caninesvsCarnivoreshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/abeka-1986-buttheyarestillflies-nospeciation2.pngAbeka-1986-buttheyarestillflies-nospeciation2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/abeka-1986-darwinsdishes-hitler-marx2.jpgAbeka-1986-DarwinsDishes-Hitler-Marx2Darwins Disheshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/20190708_182512-e1562765736503.png20190708_1825122019-08-08T22:12:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/07/04/an-armadillo-test-case-of-yec-post-flood-dispersal-speed/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/armadillo-geographical-expansion.jpgarmadillo-geographical-expansionMap of the expansion of the nine-banded armadillo through the 1980s. These animals have been migrating as much as 100 miles per decade. 2019-07-11T03:58:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/07/02/glyptodonts-armadillos-and-ken-hams-hyper-speciation-model-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/armadillo-phylogeny-cell.jpgArmadillo-phylogeny-Cell2019-07-11T19:32:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/06/24/how-to-identify-pseudoscience-lessons-from-velikovsky-and-catastrophism/2019-06-29T02:28:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/06/13/where-is-the-next-generation-of-creation-scientists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/foggymorningbeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgfoggymorningbeechnut-photos-rjduff2019-06-24T01:06:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/10/28/next-generation-creation-science-future-research/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/scientific-creationism-morris-henry.jpgScientific-Creationism-Morris-HenryPublished in 1974 this is one of many books by Dr. Henry Morris the modern father of the creation science movement.2019-06-14T13:38:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/12/12/the-sliding-rocks-of-racetrack-playa-a-geological-who-done-it-mystery/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/runningrock2wiki.jpgRunningrock2WikiBy Tahoenathan - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, A "running" rock in Racetrack Playa in Death Valley National Park. Photo credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6551798 https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/racetrack-playa-sliding-rock-long.jpgracetrack-playa-sliding-rock-longThe rocks are famous because they move, leaving tell-tale trails in the clay, like this one. This happens at several playa in California and Nevada. There's no record of anybody seeing one of the rocks move, and scientists aren't quite sure how it happens. But they know that it's not the work of animals, gravity, or earthquakes. Photo credit: NASA/GSFC/Cynthia Cheung.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/racetrack-playa-sliding-rocks-largerock.jpgracetrack-playa-sliding-rocks-largerockSome of the moving rocks are large. This one is about 10 inches tall. Researchers in the late 1960s and early 1970s documented the movements of one very large rock that they named Karen. (The two men named all the rocks after women.) They estimated that Karen weighed 700 pounds. Credit: NASA/GSFC/Maggie McAdamhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/slidingrocksinnevada.jpgSlidingRocksinNevadaThese sliding rocks are in Nevada (click for larger image)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/sliding-rock.jpgsliding-rockDid this rock slide accross a dry or wet surface? Was it pushed by an animal or person? Notice the lack of any other tracks in the area. © iStockphoto / Mike Norton https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/racetrack-playa-landsat-detail.jpgracetrack-playa-landsat-detailSatalite image of playa that contains the "racetracks" of rocks in Death Valley2019-06-11T12:33:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/06/04/squeezing-the-lost-grand-canyon-of-egypt-into-the-young-earth-paradigm-an-impossible-task/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/yellowstonefalls.jpgYellowstoneFallsYellowstone Falls in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. Photo: Joel Duff, June 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/atlanticmonthlymess-cris.gifAtlanticMonthlyMess-crisThis whimsical cartoon, first published in The Atlantic Monthly and mixing modern promenaders at the Rock of Gibraltar with an event that happened 5.33 million years ago, depicts the catastrophic flood that ended the Messinian salinity crisis when Atlantic waters re-entered the Mediterranean. Drawing by Guy Billout2019-06-17T12:47:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/06/02/the-lost-grand-canyon-of-egypt-part-iii-a-brief-chronology-of-events/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/egypwikip.jpgEgypWikipPainting, by Carlo Mancini, of the Great Pyramids on the distant shore of the Nile River. By Jean-Marc Pascolo (Own work) [CC-BY-SA-3.0 (creativecommons.o...], via Wikimedia Commonshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/nilvalleysat.jpgnilvalleysatThe Nile Valley is easily seen against the barren deserts of Egypt. 2019-06-04T01:21:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/05/31/the-lost-grand-canyon-of-egypt-part-ii-origins-of-the-nile-river-valley/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/fig-2-nile-valley-cross.pngFig-2-Nile-Valley-crossA cross-section of teh Nile River valley at Sohag - about half way between Cairo and Aswan - showing how types of rock that the canyon in eroded into and that it is filled with clays, sands and gravels as one would predict if it were a lake filled by a river sediment. Figure from: Ahmed, Ayman A., Adly Omer, Ahmed Yousef, and Shaymaa Rizk. "ASSESSMENT OF NITRATES AND THEIR HEALTH IMPACT IN QUATERNARY GROUNDWATER AQUIFER OF SOHAG GOVERNORATE, EGYPT."https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/blca_innercanyon01a.jpgblca_innercanyon01aI woudl imagine the deepest portio of the Nile Valley canyon looking like the Black canyon of the Gunnison. Photo credit: NPS/Lisa Lynchhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ryan-2008-messinian-salt-distribution-mediterranean.pngRyan, 2008 - Messinian salt distribution MediterraneanThe Meditteranean basin showing where major salt formations are found. From: Ryan, W. B. F., Decoding the Mediterranean salinity crisis. Sedimentology 56, 95-136 (2008). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2008.01031.x2019-06-05T20:41:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/05/30/snakes-preserved-in-dinosaur-nests-another-problem-for-creationist-flood-geology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/1200px-sanajeh_attacking_sauropodwiki.png1200px-Sanajeh_attacking_sauropodWikihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/sanajeh_diagramwiki.jpgSanajeh_diagramWikiDiagram of fossil snake in a sauropod nest.  By Jeffrey A. Wilson, Dhananjay M. Mohabey, Shanan E. Peters, Jason J. Head - Wilson JA, Mohabey DM, Peters SE, Head JJ (2010) Predation upon Hatchling Dinosaurs by a New Snake from the Late Cretaceous of India. PLoS Biol 8(3): e1000322. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1000322, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=97720492019-07-02T23:13:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/05/28/the-lost-grand-canyon-of-egypt-another-monument-to-an-ancient-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/chumakov-1973-nile-section-south-of-aswan.jpgChumakov, 1973 - Nile section south of AswanCross section of the Nile Valley at the Aswan Dam. Figure from: https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/360px-black_canyon_painted_wall.jpg360px-Black_Canyon_Painted_WallBlack Canyon of the Gunnison River in Colorado. Image credit: Molas at English Wikipedia - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons by Leoboudv using CommonsHelper.2019-05-30T02:11:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/05/11/another-young-earth-puzzle-fossilized-moa-footprints-in-new-zealand/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/moa-footprints-nz-5-10-19-twitter.jpgMoa-footprints-NZ-5-10-19-TwitterMoa tracks (more than 8 inches in diameter) found in a river bed in New Zealand.  Image from Twitter user @iangriffin: https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/moa-tracks-newzeeland-2019-twitterimage.jpgMoa-tracks-NewZeeland-2019-twitterimageMoa tracks found in a river bed in New Zealand. Image from Twitter post: https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D6MXeZqUEAEAj4Q.jpg:largehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/moa_heinrich_harder.jpgMoa_Heinrich_HarderBy Heinrich Harder (1858-1935) - The Wonderful Paleo Art of Heinrich Harder, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=24171402019-05-22T18:43:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/04/17/piles-of-fossil-poo-providing-a-peek-into-the-past/2019-05-12T15:02:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/10/piles-of-fossil-poo-past-behavior-coprolites/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/dino_tracks_geological-record.jpgdino_tracks_geological-recordA section of the geological column from southwestern Utah showing that dinosaur tracks and found in may layers of rock presumably laid down in the middle of Noah's flood. Figure 2 from the paper: Stratigraphic section of the Moenave Formation at the St. George Dinosaur Discovery Site at Johnson Farm. Resting trace and trackway SGDS.18.T1 is in the “Top Surface” of the Main Track-Bearing Sandstone Bed (indicated by the blue arrow) in the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation. From: http://scienceblogs.com/gregladen/2009/03/10/a-most-amazing-set-of-spoor/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/coprolite-argentina-fiorelli-2013.jpgcoprolite-argentina-fiorelli-2013Coprolites from site in Argentina. Image: Fiorelli - See article by Fiorelli et al,, 2013 http://www.nature.com/srep/2013/131128/srep03348/full/srep03348.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/fosiil-poo-coprolite-meseum-argentina2013.jpgFosiil-poo-coprolite-meseum-argentina2013A selection of coprolite fossils from one of the communal bathrooms. From the articlehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/dicynodonts-240mya-herbivore.jpgdicynodonts-240mya-herbivoreAn artist drawing of a dicynodont based on bones found in Argentina. 2019-04-17T15:39:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/06/07/tricksy-hominin-fossils-hobbitses-are-human-but-homo-naledi-is-not/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/hshf.jpgH.sapiens and H.floresiensishttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/hominin-skulls-size-compared-lc-naledi-erectus-floresiensis.pngHominin-Skulls-size-compared-LC-naledi-erectus-floresiensisHuman skull compared to fossil hominin skulls. Figure by Lars Cade and made from common domain images (see references for links to individual images)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/liangb.jpgliangbA limestone cave on the Indonesian island of Flores where the “hobbit” fossils were found several meters below the surface (pits to the right). Credit: Smithsonian Digitization Program Office / Liang Bua Team Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2016-03-indonesian-hobbits-died-sooner-thought.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/stonear.pngstonearSome stone artifacts found in association with Homo floresiensis fossils in the Flores cave in Indonesia. 2019-04-17T14:27:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/08/12/a-creation-museum-speaker-asks-do-animals-evolve/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/howmanyanimalsonarkbook.jpgHowmanyanimalsonArkbookOne of the book for sale in the Ark Encounter gift shop. Inside you can learn how a pair of cat-like ancestors became lions, tigers but not bears. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-transitional-fossils-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-transitional-fossils-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-spetner-quote-mutations-antibiotics-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-spetner-quote-mutations-antibiotics-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-spetner-quote-macroevolution-mutations-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-spetner-quote-macroevolution-mutations-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-patternson-misquote-transitional-fossils-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-patternson-misquote-transitional-fossils-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-natural-selection-dogs-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-natural-selection-dogs-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-mutations-spetner-quote-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-mutations-spetner-quote-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-mutations-muller-quote1950-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-mutations-muller-quote1950-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-mutations-loss-information-words-scramble-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-mutations-loss-information-words-scramble-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/aig-osborne-mutations-harmful-2016.jpgAiG-Osborne-mutations-harmful-20162019-03-11T17:34:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/03/04/the-ark-encounter-underestimates-its-own-hyper-evolutionary-estimate-of-speciation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ae-whatdidanimalslooklike.jpgAE-whatdidanimalslooklikehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/aesign-fewerthan34000species.jpgAEsign-fewerthan34000speciesSign at The Ark Encounter posted by the Twitter account of The Ark Encounter.2020-04-17T04:57:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/01/07/john-ray-on-flood-geology-in-1695-words-that-still-apply-today/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/vacent-snail2-shell.jpgvacent-snail2-shellSnail shell, San Diego CA. Photo: Joel Duff 20142019-02-28T14:43:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/10/a-story-of-origins-my-interview-with-a-martian/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/752428main_pia17062-640conglomerate-formation-mars.jpg752428main_pia17062-640Conglomerate-formation-marsThis is a formation of conglomerate rock that Curiosity found very soon after arriving. A few miles away from my present location, this could be where I originated from. The way this slab of conglomerate is pushed up suggested a small impact occurred here blasting away some chunks of conglomerate and I might have been one of those. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/0373mr-curiosity-mars-conglomeratecuriositycrop.jpg0373mr-curiosity-mars-conglomeratecuriosityCropOur martian friend hanging out on the surface slowly eroding in the wind. The Curiosity rover snapped this image while driving by. Image: JPL/NASA-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/0363ml1478000000e1mars-landscape-curiosity-rover.jpg0363ML1478000000E1Mars-landscape-curiosity-roverMars landscape as seen by the Curiosity rover as it travels toward the base of Mt. Sharp in Gale Crater. Image credit: JPL/NASA-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/0378ml1558003000e2-conglomerate-mars-curiosity-erosion.jpg0378ML1558003000E2-conglomerate-mars-curiosity-erosionMars landscape as seen by the Curiosity rover as it travels toward the base of Mt. Sharp in Gale Crater. Image credit: JPL/NASA-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/0373mr-curiosity-mars-conglomeratecuriosity.jpg0373MR-Curiosity-Mars-ConglomerateA lonely decaying piece of conglomerate rock lays on the surface of Mars in Gale Crater. This is from SOL373 on Mars taken by the Curiosity rover. Image credit: JPL/NASA-CalTech2019-11-09T15:34:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/02/14/committed-to-conversation-finding-fellowship-in-the-face-of-conflict/2019-07-06T15:26:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/02/21/local-catastrophes-happen-mega-tsunami-moves-700-ton-boulders-uphill/2019-03-06T18:59:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/12/10/pterosaurs-and-the-inevitable-road-to-extinction-a-young-earth-creationist-view-of-the-rapid-loss-of-biodiversity-on-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/pterosaur-headcdiv.pngPterosaur-headcdivA small bit of the total variation in headcrests of diverse pterosaurs. See above [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commonshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/hatzegopteryxwhitton-wiki.pngHatzegopteryxWhitton-wikihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/a-witton-lowres.pngA-Witton-LowResPterosaurs came in all sorts of sizes from ones the size of a small plane to those the size of a sparrow. http://markwitton-com.blogspot.com/2013/08/9-things-you-may-not-know-about-giant.html https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/yec-extinction-kinds-creationism-table.pngYEC-Extinction-kinds-creationism-Table2019-02-11T19:47:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/01/26/who-is-our-authority-the-reformed-church-looks-outward-for-answers-from-genesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/reformed-literature-genesis.jpgreformed-literature-genesisA sampling of some of my recent reading material all of which contain materials written from the reformed theological tradition.2019-02-07T18:46:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/30/book-review-the-fool-and-the-heretic-by-todd-charles-wood-and-darrel-r-falk/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/thefoolandtheheretic.pngthefoolandtheheretichttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/fool-heretic-bookcover.jpgfool-heretic-bookcoverThe Fool and the Heretic. By, Todd Wood and Darrel Falk. Available at Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/Fool-Heretic-Scientists-Christian-Evolution/dp/0310595436/2019-02-21T14:54:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/29/natural-pitfall-traps-preserving-a-history-of-unfortunate-events/2019-02-08T17:20:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/10/05/walking-whales-on-board-noahs-ark-the-inevitable-end-point-of-creationists-post-flood-hyper-speciation-belief/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/ambulocetus-painting.jpgAmbulocetus-paintinghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bear-seal-skull-comparison.jpgBear-seal-skull-comparisonBlack bear (left) and harbor seal (right) skulls. 2019-02-05T04:04:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/best-of-nh/2019-01-28T21:05:17+00:00weekly0.6https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/22/origin-horses-ancientdna-kenham-creationism/2019-02-03T03:07:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/14/a-horse-is-a-horse-according-to-answers-in-genesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/horses-oldest-dna.jpghorses-oldest-dnahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/horsemtdna-supplements8-1.pngHorsemtDNA-supplementS8.1Genetic divergence and relationships of equines based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Here we see that there are many ancient horse sequences that are genetically similar to those of modern domestic horses. We also see that the two fossil horse samples (SCt-K and TC) which are dated to 43000 and more than 500,000 show many more differences. Despite these difference they are still far more like modern horses than they are to Donkeys which the length of the branches tells you are much more genetically divergent. This is supplemetnal Figures S8.1 from the Nature paper listed in the references. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/horse_phylogenetic_tree-nature.pnghorse_phylogenetic_tree-natureSimilarity of horse genomic sequence including the Thistle Creek (Alaska) fossil bone sequence. 2019-01-21T20:26:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/17/horses-in-the-bible-contradict-ken-hams-hyper-evolution-narrative/2019-02-11T00:41:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/15/horsing-around-with-genetic-sorting-partiv-creationism-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/wild-horses-outbanks-three-onbeachjune2014.jpgwild-horses-outbanks-three-onbeachjune20142019-01-18T20:00:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/10/in-search-of-the-equine-common-ancestor-horse-series-creationism/2019-02-27T21:57:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/07/when-is-a-horse-a-horse-the-species-definition-problem/2019-02-01T20:52:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2019/01/02/what-is-a-horse-a-horse-is-a-horse-unless-of-course-it-isnt-a-horse/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/wild-horses-outbanks-three-onbeachJune2014small.jpgwild-horses-outbanks-three-onbeachJune2014small2019-05-21T20:42:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/12/17/lab-grown-diamonds-are-not-ken-hams-best-friend/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dmd.jpgDiamond Jewel ,high Resolution 3D Image, Vintage Stylehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ken-Ham-lab-grownDiamonds.pngKen-Ham-lab-grownDiamondsKen Ham tweet from December 14, 20182018-12-31T23:24:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/12/01/historical-science-how-do-we-know-a-fish-fossil-is-a-fish-fossil/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/jurassic-prank-dinosaur-tale-genesis.pngjurassic-prank-dinosaur-tale-genesis2019-10-29T19:10:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/02/20/the-naica-cave-of-crystals-is-a-giant-problem-for-a-young-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/crycav.jpgcrycavhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/gypsum-209991wiki.jpggypsum-209991wikiA large crystal retrieved from the Naica mine. By Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10160539 Picture of cave crystal wikipedia attributionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/niaca-cave-gypsum-crystals2.jpgniaca-cave-gypsum-crystals22018-12-08T13:01:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/11/21/lack-of-citations-the-yec-peer-review-system-goes-awry-again/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/pr.jpgPR2018-12-04T16:10:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/11/30/what-is-a-kind-fox-news-article-quoted-by-aig-speakers-contradicts-their-own-definition/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/joel-sfbog-flowers2.jpgJoel-SFBog-flowers22018-12-08T00:49:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/12/14/kamil-meteorite-crater-a-young-impact-on-earth-compared-to-craters-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/mars-young-crater.jpgmars-young-craterAnother "young" crater on Mars. Notice the dark debris that has been strewn over the lighter "older" material. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/kamil-crater-small.jpgKamil-crater-smallAnother view of the crater showing the jagged rocks around the edges showing that they were broken up quickly and tossed randomly to the side. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/satellite-image-kamil-crater-geology.gifSatellite-image-Kamil-crater-GeologySatellite image of Kamil crater. Image credit - Heather L. Sutphinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/young_crater_on_mars_opportunity_rover.jpgYoung_Crater_on_Mars_opportunity_roverA "young" crater on Mars. This is a young crater about 30 feet (9 meters) in diameter. How young? The blocks of material ejected from the crater-digging impact sit on top of the sand ripples near the crater. This suggests, from the estimated age of the area's sand ripples, that the crater was formed within the past 100,000 years. The dark sand inside the crater attests to the mobility of fine sand in the recent era in this Meridiani Planum region of Mars. Image credit NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/endurance_panorama.jpgendurance_panoramaEndurance crater as seen from the Opportunity Rover on Mars. Notice the very smooth edges of the crater. There are no sharp edges to any rocks and the bottom of the crater has partially filled with very fine sand. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/kamilnatgeo.jpgKamilNatGeoKamil Crater 2019-08-02T09:56:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/24/ydb-younger-dryas-meteor-explosion-human-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/american-lion-panthera-leo-atrox.jpgAmerican-Lion-Panthera-leo-atroxDid y you know that North America had it own lion roaming the plains? The american lion was very similar to the African lion. Sabertooth tigers, lama like camels, lots of elephants. North American lost almost all of its large animals at the beginning of the Younger Dryas or during that time. A bit sad that we have so few animals alive today compared to past times. Above is a skeleton of the american lion. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ydb-michigan-site-pnassuppfig7-2013.pngYDB-michigan-site-PNASsuppfig7-2013Young Dryas boundary layer south of Grand Blanc, Michigan. Hear there isn't a black layer but at the same age there is a transition between soil types indicating a quick change in climate.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ap_meteor_russia.jpgap_meteor_russiaThe chebli9ska meteorite atmospheric explosion as caught on dashcam of truck..https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ydb-impact-known-2013.jpgYDB-impact-known-2013Range of sites for which the spherules are found at YDB onset. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ydb-blackwater-new-mexico-spherules-suppfig18pnas2013.pngYDB-Blackwater-New-Mexico-spherules-Suppfig18PNAS2013Examples of spherules found in YDB location in New Mexico. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ydb-18-locations-spherecules-c14datespnas2013.pngYDB-18-locations-spherecules-c14datesPNAS2013Here we see the graphs of all 18 sites they investigated showing the sudden spike in the number of spherules and the correspoinding c14 dates of those spikes. The spherules correspond with the visually observed YDB in the sediments and that corresponds with the same dates worldwide (12,800 years). Such a correlation of data from so many locations suggests there is a common explanation for all the data. Meteor explosions could be that common explanation. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/ybd-belgium-layer-pnas-2013suppfig9.pngYBD-Belgium-layer-PNAS-2013suppFig9Fig 9 from supplementts. Belgium loctionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/murrayspring-clovis-blackmatsite-pnas-2007.jpgMurraySpring-Clovis-Blackmatsite-PNAS-2007Fig. 5. The dark line shown above is the black mat (12.9 ka) along the arroyo wall of the Murray Springs Clovis site in Arizona. The YDB markers, including magnetic grains and microspherules, iridium, soot, and fullerenes with ET helium, are present in the few centimeters just below the black mat at the top of the underlying sediment. This lithologic break represents the surface at the end of the Clovis period before the formation of the black mat. Clovis artifacts, a fire pit, and an almost fully articulated skeleton of an adult mammoth were recovered at Murray Springs with the black mat draped conformably over them. Excavations by Vance Haynes, Jr., and colleagues also revealed hundreds of mammoth footprints in the sand infilled by black mat sediments. These footprints and the mammoth skeleton appear to have been preserved by rapid burial after the YDB event (1). No in situ Clovis points and extinct megafaunal remains have been recovered from in or above the black mat, indicating that the mammoths (except in isolated cases) and Clovis hunting technology disappeared simultaneously. 1. Haynes CV, Jr (1987) Centennial Field Guide Volume 1: Cordilleran Section of the Geological Society of America (Geolog Soc Am, Boulder, CO), Vol. 1, pp 23-28.2020-06-30T23:49:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/19/diatoms-tiny-organisms-highlight-big-inconsistencies-in-young-earth-flood-geology-models/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ecosystem-ocean.jpgEcosystem-Ocean2018-11-20T08:09:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/02/26/forams-vs-diatoms-testing-young-earth-flood-geology-hypotheses/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/distribution-forams-geologoical-column.jpgDistribution-forams-geologoical-columnDistribution of some forams through time. From: BouDagher-Fadel, Marcelle K. Evolution and geological significance of larger benthic foraminifera. Vol. 21. Elsevier, 2008.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/oligocene-fossil-forams-georgia-gsa-bulletin2008.jpgOligocene-fossil-forams-Georgia-GSA-bulletin2008Scanning electron microscope micrographs of Fossil planktonic foraminifera from St. Stephens Quarry in Georgia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/960px-foraminifc3a8res_de_ngapali.jpg960px-Foraminifères_de_NgapaliSome modern shells, called tests, of foraminifera extracted from beach sand in Maymar. By Psammophile [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons Tests of foraminifera extracted sand from the beach of Ngapali (Myanmar)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/forams-cov.jpgForams-cov2018-11-07T13:05:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/02/23/life-in-a-glass-house-diatoms-shatter-young-earth-flood-geology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/800px-diatom-529x270.jpg800px-Diatom-529x270http://sarahjanemaki.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/800px-Diatom-529x270.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/diatom-slide.jpgDiatom-slidehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/diatoms-sem-broken.jpgDiatoms-SEM-brokenScanning electron microscope image of broken bits of diatoms. Massive deposits with countless number of these glass remains are found all around the world and through the upper 1/3 of the geological column. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/uts-diatom-sem.jpgUTS-diatom-SEMScanning electron microscope image of a single species of diatoms showing the intricate design of the glass case that once held a living cell. Image from: http://www.uts.edu.au/about/faculty-science/microstructural-analysis-unit/about-us https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/diatoms-light-microscope-assorted.jpgDiatoms-light-microscope-assortedSeveral species of diatoms viewed under a light microscope. It is the glass housing that forms the shapes that you see here.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/geologictimescale-diatoms1.jpgGeologicTimeScale-Diatoms2018-11-05T03:05:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/08/08/estimating-ark-encounter-attendance-based-on-data-provided-by-ken-ham-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/kenham-10-24-18-tweet.pngKenHam-10-24-18-Tweet2018-11-04T12:02:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/09/10/smoking-gun-evidence-of-an-ancient-earth-gps-data-confirms-radiometric-dating/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/plate_tectonics.jpgplate_tectonicsBasic diagram of the crustal plates of the Earth and their general direction of motion. Plates are moving at different speeds with some moving away from each other and other running into each other. How the plates interact explains much about the origins of earthquakes and volcanoes. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/640px-plates_wikipedia.png640px-Plates_wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/hawaii-plate-motion-graph.pngHawaii-plate-motion-graphhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/figure12-ratecomparisons.jpgFigure12.ratecomparisonsRates of plate motions based on GPS vs radiometric dating methods for all of the plates of the world. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/geodesic-fault-slip-rates-arabian-plate.pngGeodesic-fault-slip-rates-Arabian-plateRadiometric/Geological estimates vs Geodetic/GPS estimates of continental plate motions. Figure from AlReheji et al. 2010.2018-11-01T02:48:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/08/24/a-mediterranean-island-petrified-forest-another-monument-to-an-ancient-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lesvos.jpglesvoshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/lesvos-petrified-treeuntitled-30-600x400.jpgLesvos-petrified-treeuntitled-30-600x400A large petrified tree which has been dug out of volcanic ash deposits. Image: http://www.freecandie.com/2014/05/road-tripping-around-lesvos/ https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/specridgeyellowstone.jpgPetrified Forest, YellowstonePetrified Forest Yellowstone National Park. Showing ancient fossilized tree trunks with the Lamary Valley in the background. http://www.topozone.com/wyoming/park-wy/forest/yellowstone-petrified-forest/ 2018-10-19T15:00:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/04/fishing-for-fossils-in-the-north-sea-the-lost-world-of-doggerland/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/mammothtooth-north-sea.jpgmammothtooth-north-seaA portion of a mammoth tooth obtained from North Sea seadbed and sold on-line. Partially fossilized mammoth teeth are found in abundance here and are also available from many other sources as well.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/doggerland-map.jpgdoggerland-maphttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/north-sea-bones-dredging.jpegnorth-sea-bones-dredgingThe skull of a mammoth is loaded on board a fishing vessel on the North Seahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/north-sea-fossil-find-bone-fish.jpegnorth-sea-fossil-find-bone-fishA large leg bone of a mammoth comes up with a load a fish in the North Sea. 2018-10-19T14:13:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/10/15/are-differences-more-the-skin-deep-ken-hams-confusing-message-about-biological-variation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/kenhamtweet-dogs-wolves.pngKenHamTweet-Dogs-Wolveshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/fs-comparison-e1539613133604.jpgFS-comparison2018-11-28T14:54:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/04/19/a-fossil-paradox-footprints-are-rarely-preserved-in-stone-and-yet-are-very-common/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/dad-zabrisky-overlook-death-valley-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgDad-Zabrisky-Overlook-Death-Valley-Beechnut-Photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/death-valley-mud-cracks2-artist-drive-april2017-rjduff.jpgDeath-Valley-mud-cracks2-Artist-drive-April2017-rjduffI took this picture of mudcracks in Death Valley. This hardened mud felt like walking on cement. These will persist for months and could be filled in with fine dust and eventually a flash flood will cover them with a new layer of mud next winter. Mudcracks pose the same problems to flood geology that fossil foootprints do. Photo: Joel Duff, April 2017.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/death-valley-dunes-footprints-april-2017.jpgDeath-valley-dunes-footprints-April-2017Several footprints (blue circles) preserved in hardened fine sand. The sand dunes in the upper portion of this photo are moving away from the footsteps and therefore were likely covering them days or weeks before. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/death-valley-sanddunes-footprint-preserved-rjduff.jpgdeath-valley-sanddunes-footprint-preserved-rjduffA footprint preserved in hardened sand below sea level in Death Valley National Park. My shoe for scale. Photo: Joel Duff2018-10-11T02:52:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/06/01/reflections-on-is-genesis-history-part-ii-where-do-the-lines-of-evidence-lead/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/death-valley-bw-eaststovepipewellsapril2017.jpgDeath-Valley-BW-eastStovepipeWellsApril2017https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/death-valley-10mulesrd-corlorfulhills-photos-rjduff.jpgDeath-Valley-10mulesRd-corlorfulhills-Photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/palchangc.jpgpalchanGCA paleochannel in the Grand Canyon. The lower rock layers have been eroded by a stream only to be filled later with more sediment on top of which sedimentary layers were deposited. Photo by Grand Canyon researcher/tour guide/photographer Wayne Ranney2018-09-27T13:23:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/06/30/how-have-young-earth-creationists-responded-to-feathered-dinosaurs/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/reponsestofeatherdino.pngreponsestofeatherdinohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/fdt.jpgfdthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/feathered-dinosaur-amber.jpgfeathered-dinosaur-amberA microscopic look at the dinosaur tail feathers. (Royal Saskatchewan Museum (RSM/ R.C. McKellar)2019-05-08T14:30:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/09/human-fossil-footprints-the-fringes-creationism-ken-ham/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/judkins-promo.jpgJudkins-promoHow A. Judkins has been promoting himself recently. I might be tempted to put the "maverick" first in the description. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/evolution-human-fossil-footprints-judkins.jpgEvolution-Human-Fossil-Footprints-judkinsThe back cover of "Evolution and Human Fossil Footprints" by Aaron Judkins. Click to see large image where your can read Baugh's endorsement and Judkins description of himself.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/human-footprint-kenya.jpgHuman-footprint-KenyaThis is a human fossil footprint from Ileret, Kenya. This footprint is widely accepted as an authentic footprint fossil (center) beside a foot (right) and color-contoured 3D laser scan image (left) of the print. This fossil was found in relatively young rock that is thought to have formed from a volcanic ash event after which someone walked across the new ash prior to its preservation. (Credit: Brian Richmond/George Washington University)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/dino_man_footprint-delk.jpgdino_man_footprint-delkThe Delk dinosaur and human footprint fossil as can be seen in the Creation Evidences Museum in Paluxy TX. Probably the most important fossil in the world should it be shown to be authentic. The fossil has supposedly been subject to rigorous examination but that hasn't even gotten "mainstream" creationist organizations to recognize its validity. 2019-01-09T21:39:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/09/04/a-young-earth-mystery-if-dinosaurs-and-humans-lived-together-before-the-flood-where-are-the-fossils/2018-09-10T11:24:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/08/14/the-lost-world-of-south-american-ungulates-a-yec-ungulate-problem/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/thylacosmilus_atrox.jpgThylacosmilus_AtroxSkull of a Sparassodonta from South America. this saber-toothed animal would have filled the role of lions and saber-toothed cats that lived in North America at the same time.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/phorusracidae-terror-birds.pngphorusracidae-terror-birdsReconstructions of two terror birds from South America. These flightless birds only lived in South America. These are birds you would want to meet without some protection. The lack of predators in South America probably helped to allow these birds to grow to such enormous size. Image from http://palaeos-blog.blogspot.co.uk/2010/12/titanes-aves.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/a253-ungulates-322-8x12x72-rgb.jpgA253 Ungulates-322 8x12x72 rgbExample of living ungulateshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/african-ungulates.jpgAfrican-ungulatesAll of the living African ungulates. At some point in the past South America probably had as many species alive at one time.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/great-american-interchange.jpggreat-american-interchangehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/two_herbivores_from_miocene_south_america__2011___by_jwmorenob-d4nimlh.jpgtwo_herbivores_from_miocene_south_america__2011___by_jwmorenob-d4nimlhhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/plate-tectonics-50mya-south-america.gifplate-tectonics-50mya-south-americahttps://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC102Notes/102PTEarthHist.htmhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/macrauchenia-long-nose-ungulate-wikipedia.jpgmacrauchenia-long-nose-ungulate-wikipediaWikipedia Macrauchenia a South American fossil ungulate. 2018-08-29T02:31:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/08/10/dragon-tales-dinosaurs-ufos-and-the-creation-museum/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/dinosaurarenaae.jpgdinosaurarenaAEA pre-Flood arena depicting the depravity of human being before the Flood. Notice the dinosaur entering on the right side. 2018-12-12T23:22:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/07/17/ken-hams-darwinism-on-the-origin-of-species-by-means-of-hyper-evolution-following-noahs-flood-2/2018-08-31T21:41:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/15/ken-hams-darwinism-on-the-origin-of-species-by-means-of-hyper-evolution-following-noahs-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/osborne-ark-kinds-total-kidsdinotalk-nov2015.jpgOsborne-ark-kinds-total-kidsdinotalk-nov2015I took this picture of a slide during a presentation by AiG speaker Bryan Osborne. He was explaining that the Ark only had to fit about 1000 to 1500 kinds and so it had plenty of capacity to hold the diversity of all animals that had breath and needed to be preserved during Noah's flood. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/nilgai_running-wikipedia.jpgNilgai_running-wikipediaA Nilgai antelope. "Nilgai running" by Rushil Fernandes - Own work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nilgai_running.jpg#/media/File:Nilgai_running.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/okapi-giraffe-kind-wikipedia.jpgOkapi-giraffe-kind-wikipediaAn Okapi. Image credit: "Okapi2". Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Okapi2.jpg#/media/File:Okapi2.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/past-present-diversity-slide-extinction-kinds1.jpgPast-present-diversity-slide-extinction-kindsPresent vs past diversity of select groups of animals. Notice that fossil (extinct) diversity is always greater than present diversity. This is a slide from a recent presentation of mine. Credit: Joel Duff2019-09-15T15:54:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/07/12/fossil-insect-borings-in-dinosaur-bones-ecosystem-preservation-during-a-global-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/de.jpgDehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/dermb.jpgdermb2018-07-16T23:55:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/07/05/terror-birds-extreme-flightless-birds-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/tbs.pngtbsRelative sizes of two of the largest terror bird and the largest known birds to have ever lived. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/thylacosmiluswikipedia.jpgThylacosmilusWIKIPEDIAThylacomilus, an extinct carnivorous animals from South America along with the huge armadillo-type organism called a Gyptodont. The former looks like a saber-tooth cat but is not related. Rather this is a Sparassodont which is an extinct order of carnivorous metatherian mammals native to South America. These are neither marsupials (like kangaroos) or placentals (like most living mammals). Image credit:  Deur Rom-diz - Eie werk, Publieke domein, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10963980https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/cariama_cristata-relative-terror-bird.jpgCariama_cristata-relative-terror-birdThe Red-legged Seriema. A possible relative of the terror birds. This is all that is left after the invasion of South America by canines and cats (leopards) probably brought an end to the large flightless birds. Image: Wikipedia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/terror-bird-reconstructions.jpgTerror-bird-reconstructionsThe first bird (A) is living but the rest are various species of terror birds all of which are extinct. “Reconstructions of some phorusrhacids compared to the extant Cariama. (A) Cariama cristata; (B) Mesembriornis milneedwardsi; (C) Psilopterus bachmanni; (D) Andalgalornis steuletti; (E) Phorusrhacus longissimus; (F) Paraphysornis brasiliensis; and (G) Brontornis burmeiteri. A man’s silhouette (1.75 m) is used as scale. (Drawing by Eduardo Brettas.)” From: ‘Living dinosaurs : the evolutionary history of modern birds’ edited by Gareth Dyke and Gary Kaiser.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/comparison-past-present-giant-birds.jpgComparison-past-present-giant-birdsImage linked from: http://getouterspace.tumblr.com/post/25857819106/giant-birds-camelidae-and-giraffidaehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/skull-terror-bird-scientific-american.jpgskull-terror-bird-scientific-americanTitanis Walleri, fossilized Terror bird skull. Image: Scientific American, February 1994.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/phorusrhacid_skeleton-wik-terror-bird.jpgPhorusrhacid_skeleton-wik-terror-birdA "Terror Bird" Titanis walleri, Florida Museum of Natural History. A giant bird that once roamed florida. Image credit: Wikipedia2019-06-07T17:38:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/07/02/canine-transmissible-tumors-seeking-immortality-by-becoming-a-parasite/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/dog-breeds.jpgdog-breedshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/karyotypes-canine-tumors-science-2014.pngkaryotypes-canine-tumors-Science-2014Chromosomes from domestic dog (left) and the two tumor cells lines from Australia and South America. The colors show equivalent portions of the genome. Mixtures of colors on the cancere chromosomes indicate that the chromosomes have been scrabbled up with pieces of DNA from one being moved to other chromosomes. This is part of a figure from Merchinson et al. in Science which discusses the genome results. See references for details. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/dog-history-infographic-wolf2woof-com.jpgDog-history-infographic-wolf2woof-comHistory of canines infographic based on fossils and DNA sequences. I found this image here: http://www.wolf2woof.com/index.htm but it is unclear if this is the real source. If you know where this graphic came from please let me know so I can give proper attribution. Click for a readable size. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/canine-transmissilbe-tumor-overview.jpgCanine-transmissilbe-tumor-overviewA cartoon of the history of dogs, wolves and coyotes showing that the tumor arose in one line of dogs and then has been passed along to other dogs. The two present day dogs represent the two that were sequenced. Wolves and coyotes apparently are not effected by the tumor. 2018-07-03T20:33:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/06/26/ken-ham-on-dinosaur-extinction-de-extinction-and-dino-bird-distinctions/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/pterosaur_flight_adaptationshugo_salais_lc3b3pez.jpgPterosaur_Flight_AdaptationsHugo_Salais_LópezBy Hugo Salais López - http://blog.illustraciencia.cat/2015/04/pterosaur-flight-adaptations-pteranodon.html, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=456430922018-06-28T13:14:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/05/16/wheres-the-dna-young-earth-creationism-and-the-search-for-ancient-dna/2019-01-23T11:05:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/06/15/wyoming-fossils-coming-to-grips-with-the-absurdity-of-the-flood-geology-model-of-fossil-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/fossil-collections-bighornbasin2016-wyoming.jpgfossil-collections-bighornbasin2016-wyoming2018-06-19T16:54:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/06/12/peat-bog-chronicler-of-human-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sphagnum_cuspidatum.jpgSphagnum_cuspidatumhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sphagnum-moss.jpgsphagnum-mossRaised sphagnum moss mat in a bog. This little moss is the dominant plant in a peat bog. Image from: http://rebeccataylormep.blogspot.com/2012/08/blanket-bogs-flooding-and-climate-change.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/lead-c14-data-swiss-bog-science1998.pngLead-C14-data-Swiss-bog-Science1998Figure 1 from Shotyk et al Science 1998 paper (see refs). Lead and scendium levels are traced across two peat cores. The third column is he ratio of lead to scendium.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/bog-switzerland.jpgBog-switzerlandPanorama of one of the bogs examined for metal and other chemical fallout from the atmosphere over time. Photo by Wehrlireapub on Panoramio (link to source). https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/bog-switzerland-google-map.jpgBog-switzerland-google-mapGoogle map image of the bog at lake Etang de la Gruere Photo by Wehrlireapub on Panoramio )link to source). The bog is the nearly treeless area to the left of the lake. 2018-06-12T19:58:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/02/02/a-flock-of-genomes-reveals-the-toothy-ancestry-of-birds-2/2019-03-27T18:25:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/06/05/origins-and-extinctions-a-lesson-from-the-penguins-of-the-northern-hemisphere/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/wikpuffin_latrabjarg_iceland.jpgWikPuffin_Latrabjarg_IcelandBy Boaworm - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10715357https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/waimanuwikiimage.jpgWaimanuWikiImageWaimanu manneringi, an extinct penguin known from fossil of the Paleocene in New Zealand.  The bird looked much more like a loon and probably walked like a great auk. The coloration is unknown but could well have been black and white like most penguins today.  By Nobu Tamura - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19459543https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/razorbill_icelandwiki.jpgRazorbill_icelandWIKIPublic Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=248528https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/pinguinusimpennus.jpgPinguinusImpennusGreat Auks by John James Audubon, from The Birds of America (1827–1838)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/grote_alk_-kbin.jpgGrote_alk_-KBIN-One of the last two known great auks. 2018-08-08T16:44:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/03/30/the-great-genetic-bottleneck-that-contradicts-ken-hams-radical-accelerated-diversification-ie-post-flood-hyper-evolution/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/bottleneck.jpegbottleneckA typical visualization of what happens in a genetic bottleneck. In this case new mutations after the bottleneck begin to increase variation again but that is a very slow process. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/speciationaignewversion.jpgspeciationAIGnewversionThe AIG view of the evolution of species within kinds. This is their most recent graphic which they have used to promote their view of the history of life on Earth. 2018-06-27T17:14:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/05/30/the-amazing-killdeer-designed-for-deception-a-good-creation-or-both/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/perfectworld-aig-ark-encounter-twitterpost.jpgPerfectWorld-AiG-Ark-Encounter-TwitterpostPortrait of Adam and Even in paradise before sin. Note the dinosaurs with Adam and Eve. There is even a rotting stump. Display at the Ark Encounter by Answers in Genesis. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/shorebirds-wiki.jpgShorebirds-wikiRepresentatives of the shorebirds (Order Charadiiformes). Wikipedia2018-05-30T14:19:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/05/21/observing-gods-good-creation-the-fascinating-life-history-of-killdeer/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-parents-withhatchling-cantonoh.jpgKilldeer-parents-withhatchling-cantonOHTwo killdeer attend to a hatchling. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-runningfromnextfirst-railroad-tracks.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-runningfromnextfirst-railroad-trackshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-railroad-tracks.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-railroad-tracksAnother killdeer hatchling pretending to be a rock. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks3.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks3https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-runningfromnextfirst-railroad-tracks2.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-runningfromnextfirst-railroad-tracks2A killdeer hatchlings takes its first walk along the railroad tracks. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-sitting-on-nest-railroad-tracks-canton2.jpgKilldeer-sitting-on-nest-railroad-tracks-Canton2A killdeer sitting on its nest among the rocks can be difficult to see. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks2.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks2This hatchling is obeying the signal given to it by its parents to sit very still. Here is sits among the rocks waiting for danger to pass. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks1.jpgKilldeer-fledgling-justoutofnest-hiding-amongrocks1There is one (at least that I know of) hatchling sitting very still in this image. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledglings-4-in-nest-railroad-tracks.jpgKilldeer-fledglings-4-in-nest-railroad-tracksIt is difficult to see these hatchlings in their nest if you had a much lower profile while walking up to the nest. Here is the perspective of a cat or raccoon. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/killdeer-fledglings-4-in-nest-railroad-tracks2.jpgKilldeer-fledglings-4-in-nest-railroad-tracks2The same killdeer nest in Canton Ohio but now with four hatchlings rather than four eggs. Photo: Joel Duff2018-05-24T00:25:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/05/14/the-worlds-largest-rock-tumbler-is-an-unusual-testimony-to-an-ancient-earth/2018-05-21T16:56:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/05/10/consider-the-ostrich-literal-day-creationists-unsure-about-the-ostrichs-created-condition/2018-05-11T00:36:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/11/18/where-did-all-the-dinosaurs-go-ken-hams-climate-and-human-induced-dinosaur-extinction-hypothesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/mammoth-femur-yukaton.jpgmammoth-femur-yukatonPlacer miner Guy Favron holds a woolly mammoth femur found along Last Chance Creek. Photo courtesy of Government of Yukon Link to story: http://uphere.ca/articles/fossil-gold-mineshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/did-dinosaurs-turn-into-birds.jpgdid-dinosaurs-turn-into-birdsAiG speaker Bryan Osborne also showed this picture from Ken Ham's chapter on the disappearance of the dinosaurs. He said that some believe that dinosaurs turned into birds. I think the audience took that to means, especially since the picture suggests this too, that the dinosaur literally turned into birds instead of going extinct. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/aig-faded-dinosaurs-osborne-humans-myths.jpgAiG-Faded-Dinosaurs-Osborne-humans-mythsA slide from Bryan Osborne's dinosaur presentation at a AiG conference in Northeast Ohio recently. Her we see that after the flood dinosaurs "faded" leaving only warped stories of the prior existence. Image: Joel Duff2018-11-26T22:58:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/08/comparing-dinosaur-talks-for-kids-dr-jack-horner-vs-bryan-osborne-answers-in-genesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/moab-dinosaur-footprints-graham-colorado-riverb.jpgmoab-dinosaur-footprints-graham-colorado-riverbTwo of my sons next to a block of sandstone with two prominant theropod preserved tracks. This on a slope above the Colorado River near Moab, Utah. Photo: Joel Duff 2013https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/creationism-dinosaurs-in-eden-book-ken-ham.jpgCreationism-dinosaurs-in-eden-book-Ken-Hamhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/osborne-kids-dinosaurs-unfossilized-bones-alaska.jpgOsborne-kids-dinosaurs-unfossilized-bones-alaskaSlide from Osborne's talk in which he talks about how dinosaur bones were found in a condition like you would find cow bones today. Photo by Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/osborne-dinosaurs-garden-nopartnerforadam-aig2015.jpgOsborne-dinosaurs-garden-nopartnerforAdam-AiG2015A slide from Osborne's presentation. Here dinosaurs have no fear in the Garden of Adam. Photo by, Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/horner-kids-talk-dinosaur-accoutrements.jpgHorner-kids-talk-dinosaur-accoutrementsDr. Horner speaking about dinosaur accoutrements. A packed house for Dr. Horner's talk. Extra chairs were set up on the side next to the screen. We were in the front row of regular seats but way over to the side. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/horner-kids-talk-dinosaur-accoutrements2.jpgHorner-kids-talk-dinosaur-accoutrements2A couple of my kids before Dr. Horner's talk "Dinosaur Accoutrements" began. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/osborne-kids-dinosaurs-november2015-aig.jpgOsborne-kids-dinosaurs-november2015-AiGAnswers in Genesis talk "Dinosaurs for Kids" by Bryan Osborne about to start in a church in Marlboro Ohio 2018-04-23T19:17:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/01/05/are-ruminants-derived-from-a-common-ancestor-ruminating-on-the-meaning-of-noahic-kinds/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/gazella_thomsonii.jpgGazella_thomsoniihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/antelope-jpg.jpgAntelope-jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ruminatia-families-classification-ark-creationism-feature.jpgRuminatia-families-classification-ark-creationism-featureA possible YEC hypothesis of ruminant evolution. Notice the massive bottleneck. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/four-chambered-stomach.pngFour-chambered-stomachFour chambered stomach found in members of the Ruminatia (the ruminants). "Abomasum (PSF)" by Pearson Scott Foresman - Archives of Pearson Scott Foresman, donated to the Wikimedia Foundation→This file has been extracted from another file: PSF A-10005.png.. Licensed under Public Domain via Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abomasum_(PSF).png#/media/File:Abomasum_(PSF).pnghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ruminatia-families-classification-noahsflood.jpgRuminatia-families-classification-NoahsFloodA representation of a possible young-earth hypothesis for the origin of the members of the Order Ruminatia. Other ruminants are not considered related to those in this group. Figure: Joel Duff, images from Wikipedia (see attributions at the end of the article). 2018-04-13T16:09:29+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/06/26/is-genesis-history-digging-for-truth-and-coming-up-empty-handed-3/2018-04-13T13:01:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/04/10/the-prelapsarian-ostrich-paradise-lost-or-portrait-of-a-good-creation/2018-04-15T17:30:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/04/05/pulling-teeth-and-plucking-feathers-ancient-birds-and-young-earth-creationists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cardinal-teeth-ancientbirdteeth.jpgCardinal-Teeth-ancientBirdTeeth Louisville Cardinal mascot walks past a feathered velociraptor at the American Museum of Natural History exhibit at CoSi in Columbus Ohio. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/amermuseum-nat-history-exhibit-dinosaurbirds2.jpgAmerMuseum-Nat-History-Exhibit-DinosaurBirds2Birds fly in this Cretaceous Period scene at CoSi in Columbus OH. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/amermuseum-nat-history-exhibit-dinosaurbirds-veloceraptor.jpgAmerMuseum-Nat-History-Exhibit-DinosaurBirds-VeloceraptorJurrassic Park portrayed veloceraptors with scales but the evidence points to a feathery plumage covering most of their body. This is Velociraptor mongoliensis at the American Museum of Natural History display at CoSi in Columbus OH. Photo: Joel Duff.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/amermuseum-nat-history-exhibit-dinosaurbirds.jpgAmerMuseum-Nat-History-Exhibit-DinosaurBirdsNote the long claws on the wings of this feathered dinosaur. On the left is a turkey-like ancient bird. Photo: Joel Duff at CoSi in Columbus OH.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/amermuseum-nat-history-exhibit-theropod-yutyrannus.jpgAmerMuseum-Nat-History-Exhibit-Theropod-YutyrannusYour truly posing in front of a Yutyrannus dinosaur. This is the largest theropod dinosaur yet found with direct evidence of feathery plumage over much of its body. This animals is classified in the broad group that includes Tyrannosaurus rex though there is still no direct evidence the latter had any feathers. Image: American Natural History Museum exhibit at CoSi in Columbus OH. Photo by Duff.2018-04-08T21:53:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/04/01/answers-from-genesis-reclaiming-the-biblical-authority-of-josephs-global-famine/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/pyramids-with-line.pngPyramids-with-lineThey even copied the general layout of the pyramids. Top: Giza, Egypt, Bottom: Teotihuacan, Mexicohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/tombmenna.jpgtombmenna2018-04-14T17:15:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/12/09/weekend-potpourri-salt-chronometer-update-ken-ham-blog-and-gen-x-creationists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/potpory.jpegpotpory2018-03-20T15:27:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/03/20/consider-the-ostrich-comparing-theistic-models-of-biological-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/ostrich_struthio_camelus_tanzania_3724_cropped_nevit.jpgOstrich_Struthio_camelus_Tanzania_3724_cropped_NevitOstrich (Struthio camelus) from Tanzania (Image: Wikipedia CC3.0)2018-03-21T15:36:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/03/08/consider-the-ostrich-job-39-and-gods-commentary-on-his-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/flapos.jpgflaposBy Rei at en.wikipedia - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11831344https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/owin.jpgowinOstrich "wings." Image from: http://wildaboutanimals.forumotion.net/t2247-the-ostrich-and-the-egg-mara-north-conservancy-dec-2012  ostrich wings https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/struthio_camelus_-_etosha_2014-wikipe.jpgStruthio_camelus_-_Etosha_2014-WikipeBy Yathin S Krishnappa - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=381457962018-03-18T06:16:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/21/mary-anning-pleiosaurs-pterosaurs-jurassic-age-reptiles/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/jurassic-flora-landscape.jpgJurassic-flora-landscape1800s lithograph (unknown source) of the flora of the Jurassic. Notice the lack of flowing plants. Most of these plant are extinct today. Also not the lack of grass which is a flowing plant but did not exist in the Jurassic. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/mary-annings-215th-birthday-google.jpgmary-annings-215th-birthday-GoogleMary Anning homage on Google today. Image credit: Google Inc.2018-03-09T13:30:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/02/17/consider-ostrich-job-39-creation-prelapsarian-partii/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/afrikanischer_strauss_portrait-wikipedia.jpgAfrikanischer_Strauss_Portrait-wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/adam-creation-museum-penguin.jpgAdam-creation-museum-penguinThis image (credit Jamie Lee Curtis Taete) from the Creation Museum by Answers in Genesis shows a penguin (a flightless bird) in the Garden with Adam. But did penguins really look like this in the past? 2018-03-10T20:42:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/02/04/consider-the-ostrich-book-job-creation-wisdom/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ostriches_chicks.jpgostriches_chickshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ostrich-wings.jpgOstrich-wingsAn ostrich with wings partially outstretched.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ostritch-nest-desert-eggs-dirt.jpgostritch-nest-desert-eggs-dirtAnother ostrich nest showing the simple dirt next with eggs pushed out of the next. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ostrich-eggs-excluded-nest.jpgOstrich-eggs-excluded-nestAn ostrich nest with eggs. here we see a group of eggs in the center of the nest which are the primary eggs that will be incubated in the evenings usually by the male. The eggs pushed off to the sides are the result of the dominant females pushing aside eggs laid by other females. These eggs will never hatch and will be scavenged. 2018-03-06T18:20:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/03/06/fossil-footprints-discovered-on-the-roof-of-a-south-african-cave-geological-context-of-human-fossils-vi/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sacaveftprintsfig2_html.jpgSAcaveftprintsFig2_HTMLdfdfd https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/sacoast.pngSAcoastTypical coastline of South Africa in the area where this cave with preserved footprints was found. Image: Screenshot from Google Earth. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/charles-helm-footprintdisc.jpgcharles-helm-footprintDiscFamily doctor Charles Helm of Tumbler Ridge, B.C., inspects hominin footprints he found on the roof of a cave in South Africa. (Photo by: Guy Thesen) 2018-03-06T16:29:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/02/27/if-it-walks-like-a-duck-ken-ham-doubles-down-on-his-misunderstanding-of-bird-fossils/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/civet-fossa-bobcat.pngcivet-fossa-bobcatFigure 2: These animals (left, civet; middle, fossa; right, bobcat) are all carnivores. The look quite different but they share as much, if not more, in common with each other as the “duck-like” fossil from the Cretaceous does with living ducks, geese, and screamers. (Images from Wikipedia)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/wood-ducks-canton-males.jpgWood-ducks-canton-maleshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/vegavis-fig4worthetal.jpgVegavis-Fig4WorthetalFigure 3: This is figure 4 from Worth et al., 2017 (see references for link). This figure shows there result of a large analysis of characters from fossil and living fowl. Worth found some support for a sister relationship of Vegavis to the group of waterfowl including ducks, geese, screamers, magpie goose and two other extinct lineages of birds. However, in other analyses Vegavis was sister to the giant ground fowl (See figure 3 from the same paper).https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/hyraxelephant.pnghyraxelephantFigure 2: These animals (left, hyrax; middle, elephant; right, manatee) look quite different but they share as much, if not more, in common with each other as the “duck-like” fossil from the Cretaceous does with living ducks, geese, and screamers. (Images from Wikipedia)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/bird-phylogeny-science.pngBird-phylogeny-scienceFigure 1: Possible relationships of bird lineages from comparison of whole genome sequences of the major lineages of birds.   Figure 1 from:    http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/346/6215/1320.full.pdf    Jarvis, Erich D., Siavash Mirarab, Andre J. Aberer, Bo Li, Peter Houde, Cai Li, Simon YW Ho et al. "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds." Science 346, no. 6215 (2014): 1320-1331.2018-03-08T00:14:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/02/20/the-universal-design-intuition-undeniable-or-unreliable-reviewing-undeniable-by-douglas-axe/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/echninaceae-close-waterdrops-best.jpgEchninaceae-Close-Waterdrops-bestEarly morning dew drops on an opening Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower) flower. Photo by Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/sunflower-opening-fusion-boetler0beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgSunflower-opening-fusion-Boetler0Beechnut-Photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/madagascar-chameleoncloseup2.jpgMadagascar-ChameleonCloseup2A chameleon from Madagascar. Image by Joel Duff, taken at the Cleveland Botanical Museum.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/undeniable.jpgUndeniable2018-03-28T17:37:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/01/ark-encounter-common-ancestors-the-increasing-inclusiveness-of-biblical-kinds/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/carnivoremtdnaphylogeny-kinds-jeanson-aig.jpgCarnivoremtDNAphylogeny-kinds-Jeanson-AIGFigure 12 from Dr. Jeanson's article Mitochondrial DNA Clocks Imply Linear Speciation Rates Within “Kinds”. The colors represent families with lines as species. The circles are the presumed common ancestors of the kinds that were on Noah's Ark. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/understandinganimalskinds1.jpgUnderstandingAnimalsKindsA book for sale at the Ark Encounter gift shop. You can see on the cover that the felines all came from a single common ancestor cat on the Ark. 2018-02-15T12:33:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/modern-creation-debate-books/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/numbers.jpgNumbershttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/harrisonprotestantsbible.jpgHarrisonProtestantsBiblehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/godspatternforcreation.jpgGodsPatternforCreationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/jordancreationinsixdays.jpgJordanCreationinSixDayshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/kellycreationandchange.jpgKellyCreationandChangehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/perspectivesevolvingcreation.jpgPerspectivesEvolvingCreationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/collinsscienceandfaith.jpgCollinsScienceandFaithhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/collinsgenesis1-4.jpgCollinsGenesis1-4https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/adlitteram.jpgAdLitteramhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/thegenesisdebate.jpgTheGenesisDebate2018-02-10T14:22:51+00:00weekly0.6https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/02/08/penguin-teeth-and-modern-birds-ken-hams-misinformed-understanding-of-fossil-birds/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/osprey8-north-carolina-outer-banks.jpgOsprey8-North-Carolina-Outer-bankshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/living-fossils1.jpgLiving-Fossils1Examples of evidence of "living fossils" Image from: https://www.adefenceofthebible.com/2016/03/21/living-fossils/ 2019-08-12T03:19:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/05/25/was-the-young-earth-perfect-prelapsarian-paradise-a-maladapted-world/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/beye.jpgbeyeWhat if animals had eyes in front of their heads? Image by: Imgurian Kiyoi2019-09-20T00:13:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/12/13/a-flock-of-genomes-reveals-the-toothy-ancestry-of-birds/2018-02-02T12:50:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/05/29/a-landmark-film-for-the-young-earth-community-reflections-on-is-genesis-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/isgenesis-history-documentary-film-creationism.pngisgenesis-history-documentary-film-creationismhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/isgenesishistory.jpgIsGenesisHistory2018-01-31T03:03:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/01/22/postcards-from-colorado-past-what-bones-buried-beneath-an-alpine-lake-have-to-tell-us/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/snowmassmastosdonrecreationpain.jpg100-110,000 YA, Mastodon38 x 57 inch painting, acrylic paint on muslin mounted on wooden frame. Painting represents the Snowmastodon Excavation site at Zieger Reservoir, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Published in Miller et al 2014 and book about the Snowmastodon Project.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/paleoreconstrusm.jpgPaleoReconstruSMPaleoreconstruction of the ancient lake and meadow at different time intervals in the past. Figure 6 from Miller et al (2014) -see references. 2018-01-22T16:09:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2018/01/05/permian-pompeii-challenge-taken-up-icrs-brian-thomas-floating-forest-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/permianforest2pnas2012.jpgPermianforest2PNAS2012Reconstruction of a 300 million year old permian forest found in China. None of the plants in this forest exist today though some fern-like trees have similarities to modern day tree ferns. 2018-01-07T03:23:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/09/permian-pompeii-challenge-brian-thomas-creation-sciece-response/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/coal-volcanic-ash-layers-australia.jpgCoal-volcanic-ash-layers-australiaThin layers of volcanic ash separate this thick layer of coal in Australia. Ash layers like this can persist over hundreds of square miles suggesting a widespread event after which very little disturbance could have taken place before more vegetative material was produce and compacted. Click on image for source. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/examplesfossilspermianpompeii.jpgExamplesFossilsPermianPompeiiPermian pompeii fossils from Chinahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/wudacoalmineenterance.jpgWudaCoalMineEnterancedasdf adf asdf asdf asdf https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/stratigraphy_permian_forest.gifStratigraphy_permian_forestStratigraphic Section showing two coal seams (black) which are separated by more than a 1/2 meter thick volcanic tuff. Figure from Pfefferkorn and Wang (reference below)2018-01-05T14:54:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/01/04/mixed-messages-confusion-over-the-origin-of-sea-otters-at-answers-in-genesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/sot.jpgsotBy "Mike" Michael L. Baird, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52974612018-01-05T14:41:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/12/20/an-ancient-and-alien-forest-reconstructed-a-fossil-challenge-for-young-earth-creationists/2018-01-03T15:05:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/13/an-ancient-and-alien-forest-reconstructed-a-challenge-to-young-earth-creationism-part-i/2017-12-23T17:20:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/02/who-are-the-people-of-aig-and-cmi/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/1-1aig.jpg1.1AIG2017-12-23T17:20:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/09/10/bones-of-contention-how-will-creationists-respond-to-a-huge-new-hominid-fossil-find/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/homo-naledi-south-africa-bones-natgeographic2.jpgHomo-naledi-south-africa-bones-natgeographic2This photo provided by National Geographic from their October 2015 issue shows a composite skeleton of Homo naledi surrounded by some of the hundreds of other fossil elements recovered from the Rising Star cave in South Africa, photographed at the Evolutionary Studies Institute of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. In an announcement made Thursday, Sept. 10, 2015, scientists say the fossils revealed the new member of the human family tree. The expedition team was led by Lee Berger of the university. (Robert Clark/National Geographic, Lee Berger/University of the Witwatersrand via AP) IMAGE MUST INCLUDE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LOGO; CROPPING NOT PERMITTED; MANDATORY CREDIT: "ROBERT CLARK/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, LEE BERGER/UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND" Photo: Robert Clark, AP https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/homo-naledi-south-africa-bones-natgeographic.jpgHomo-naledi-south-africa-bones-natgeographicSome of the bones from the cave in South Africa. Image by John Hawks who is one of the co-authors of the paper describing these bones. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/rana-response-homo-naledi.jpgRana-Response-Homo-Naledi2019-10-24T15:34:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/11/29/ancient-mars-cosmogenic-dating-methods-allow-estimates-of-erosion-rates-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/1516mr0077190000204658e01_dxxx.jpg1516MR0077190000204658E01_DXXX2017-11-30T01:12:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/08/01/xenarthrans-armadillos-anteaters-and-sloths-another-biogeographic-puzzle-for-young-earth-creationists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/640px-bradypus_variegatus.jpg640px-Bradypus_variegatusBy Christian Mehlführer, User:Chmehl - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44813362018-03-06T16:02:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/01/19/christian-responses-physical-spiritual-status-neanderthals-original-sin-theology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/neanderthal-reconstruction-girl-spiritual-status.jpgneanderthal-reconstruction-girl-spiritual-statushttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sapiens_neanderthal_comparison-skulls.gifsapiens_neanderthal_comparison-skullsA comparison of human and Neanderthal skulls showing some of the typical differences. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/pone_0018821_g002-homo-skulls.pngpone_0018821_g002-homo-skullsDifferences in hominid skull features. From: Fabre et al. Genetic Evidence of Geographical Groups among Neanderthals. PLoS ONE, 2009; 4 (4): e5151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005151https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mtdna-dna-tree-neanderthal-humans.pngmtDNA-DNA-tree-neanderthal-humansMitochondrial DNA differences between lineages of modern humans and Neanderthals.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/neanderthal_sites_in_eurasia.jpgneanderthal_sites_in_eurasiaLocations of some important Neanderthal sites showing the known range.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/neanderthal-reconstruction2.jpgneanderthal-reconstruction2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/neanderthal-duff-hybrid-results-23andme.pngneanderthal-duff-hybrid-results-23andmeMy question wasn't as hypothetical as it might have sounded. I actually have had my genome tested by 23andme.com and that analysis my genome is about 2.9% Neanderthal. 2020-12-15T03:09:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/09/20/fossil-footprints-on-crete-first-evidence-of-humans-killed-by-noahs-flood-or-another-young-earth-mystery/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/crete-ftprntsite.jpgcrete-ftprntsiteA tarp covers some of the footprints at this western Crete site as authorities prepare to cover the site to prevent further looting which has occurred at the site in recent weeks. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/crftprinsprmate.jpgcrftprinsprmateComparison of footprints: a and b and bear prints, c-e are extant primates and f-i and hominin footprints with “g” as one of the prints from Crete. Note the markedly different proportions of the Crete print compared to that of a modern human. Note: not to scale. The Crete prints are smaller than typical adult human prints.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/footprintscrt.jpgfootprintscrtA sample of footprints found preserved in rocks in western Crete. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/crete-footprints-geology1-s2-0-s001678781730113x-gr1.jpgcrete-footprints-geology1-s2.0-S001678781730113X-gr1This figure is from the original article.  The geological column (d) is of special interest here. It shows where the footprints are found in context with other rocks found in the local region on the western end of Crete. 2017-09-25T18:11:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/12/14/the-dangers-of-poor-scholarship-a-creationist-take-on-feathered-dinosaurs/2017-09-05T12:16:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/07/08/a-million-and-counting-assessing-the-first-year-of-the-ark-encounter/2017-07-10T23:04:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/06/21/reconstructing-the-past-from-observations-in-the-present-a-practical-example-from-the-outer-banks/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/dawn-walking-sand-dunes-corolla-ps.jpgDawn-walking-sand-dunes-Corolla-PShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/grey-foxes-corolla-north-carolina-sunrise.jpgGrey-foxes-corolla-North-Carolina-sunriseI took this picture of a couple of grey foxes which live on the sand dunes at Corolla NC. I watched them run around and I looked at the footprints they made in wet and dry sand so I could identify them if I saw the tracks in other locations. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/joenddawnondunescorollaps.jpgJoendDawnonDunesCorollaPSMy wife and I just north of Corolla NC along the beach. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/horse-urine-trace-sand-dunes-corolla.jpgHorse-urine-trace-sand-dunes-CorollaFresh horse urine on sand dunes near Corolla, NC. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/whereyoutherebugtracks.jpgWhereYouThereBugTracksTracks of a beetle in a sand dune near Corolla NC. Image: Joel Duff2017-06-26T12:35:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/06/05/bones-of-contention-v-young-earth-creationists-continued-confusion-over-homo-naledi-fossils/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/skl.jpgsklComparison of skull features of Homo naledi and other early human species.2018-01-28T21:30:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/18/reflections-on-the-death-of-toads-and-the-edenic-perfect-paradise/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/peril-in-paradise.jpgperil-in-paradisehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/springfield-bog-flowers-family2.jpgSpringfield-bog-flowers-family2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/springfield-bog-flowers-asteraceae-1600px.jpgSpringfield-bog-flowers-asteraceae-1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/afterburn-springfield.jpgafterburn-Springfieldhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/elijah-springfield-marchbeforeburn.jpgElijah-Springfield-Marchbeforeburnhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/sunrise-springfield-bog-lake.jpgSunrise-Springfield-bog-lakeSunrise at the central pond at the Springfield Bog Metro Park. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/july-carpetofyellow-springfieldbog.jpgJuly-carpetofYellow-SpringfieldBoghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/springfield4toadsapril.jpgSpringfield4toadsAprilhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/american-toad-eggs.jpgamerican-toad-eggshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/springfield-prarie-3weeksafterburn.jpgSpringfield-prarie-3weeksafterburn2017-05-27T12:45:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/02/18/when-peer-review-lets-you-down-again-another-yec-fact-checking-problem/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/dna-common-dom.jpgdna-common-dom2017-05-25T11:01:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/12/07/my-letter-to-the-host-of-a-local-creation-conference/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/aig-conference-chapel-2016.jpgaig-conference-chapel-2016Ken Ham speaks at a conference a few weeks ago in Ohio. 2017-10-06T17:01:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/05/15/an-ammonite-fossil-leaves-a-trail-of-evidence-of-a-tranquil-jurassic-seafloor/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/3769.jpgZombie ammoniteAn artistic reconstruction of the floating ammonite leaving behind the drag mark. Illustration: James McKay2017-05-15T15:45:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/01/11/a-creationist-rejects-intelligent-design-appeals-to-natural-processes-to-explain-stone-artifacts/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/stone-lithic-core-south-africa-simonhoyte.jpgStone-lithic-core-south-africa-simonhoytehttps://simonhoyte.wordpress.com/2015/07/15/carpets-of-artefacts-mountains-of-baboons/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/upheaval-dome-trail-marker-canyonlands.jpgUpheaval-dome-trail-marker-canyonlandsEvidence of human design at upheaval dome in Canyonland National Park in Utah. This small pile of stones didn't happen by random natural forces. However, in this case the shape of each stone was shaped by natural processes. It is only the organization of the stones that is intelligently designed. I few minutes after took this picture I saw a child knock this pile of rocks down. A park ranger will probably stock them up again to mark the trail. Image: Joel Duff 2013https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/hand-axes-kenya.jpgHand-axes-KenyaRepresentation of what a stone-tool site in Kenya looked like when it was first discovered. 2017-05-10T20:41:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/04/26/thousands-of-fossilized-elephant-footprints-preserved-in-the-arabian-desert/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/elphftprnts.jpgelphftprntsThe ancient elephant tracks go off into the distance. Image Credit: Faysal Bibi/Discovery Newshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/fossil-trackwayelphants-uae.jpgFossil-trackwayelphants-UAE2020-09-21T21:34:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/04/26/young-earth-creationist-responses-to-the-homo-naledi-fossils-from-south-africa/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/homo-naledi-scorecard-creationism-april20171.jpgHomo-naledi-scorecard-creationism-April20172017-09-28T16:41:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/04/24/millions-of-fossilized-footprints-a-global-flood-dinosaur-dilemma/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cal-orko-bolivia.jpgcal-orko-BoliviaOn this 72 degree inclined limestone rock face in Bolivia are more than 5000 tracks of more than 400 individual dinosaurs. 2018-03-07T03:59:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/03/10/is-natural-and-biological-diversity-a-testament-of-gods-creative-power-or-a-consequence-of-sin-reflections-on-is-genesis-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/la-plata-peak-colorado-trail-descent-rjduff.jpgTrail down from La Plata Peak, ColoradoTrail down from La Plata Peak, Coloradohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/laplata-duff-resting.jpgLaPlata-Duff-restinghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/la-plata-colorado-july-2016-duff.jpgView from trail to La Plata Peak, Colorado MountainsView from trail to La Plata Peak, Colorado Mountainshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/joel-sideoflaplata2.jpgJoel-sideofLaPlata2Yours truly at about 1300 feet on the side of La Plata Peak, Colorado. July 2016 Photo: Andrew Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/descentfromlaplataandrewontrail3.jpgDescentfromLaPlataAndrewonTrail3https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/andrew-laplatapeak.jpgAndrew-LaPlataPeakAndrew (my oldest son) on top of La Plata Peak, Colorado (14350 feet)2017-06-26T14:23:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/02/06/ken-hams-biblical-evolution-i-have-a-book-that-says-otherwise-2/2017-10-28T00:49:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/02/23/more-planets-than-stars-exoplanets-and-our-little-blue-ball/2017-02-25T02:48:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/01/10/exoplanets-earth-stars-cosmology-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/exoplanets-earth-like-planets.jpgexoplanets-earth-like-planetsArtist conception of a few of the probably billions of earth-like planets in the Universe. Planets very similar to the chemical makeup of Earth are likely to be found but will they have any forms of biological life? That is the big question.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/universe-galaxies.jpgUniverse-galaxiesA snapshot of a very small portion of the nigh sky by the Hubble telescope. Most of the "lights' here are not stars but are rather galaxies each of which probably contain 100 million of their own stars. You would have to multiply this scene hundreds of thousands of times to get a view of the entire so far visible universe. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/kepler-exoplanets-figure-2013-earth.jpgkepler-exoplanets-figure-2013-earth(Photo : NASA) Since the last Kepler catalog was released in February 2012, the number of candidates discovered in the Kepler data has increased by 20 percent and now totals 2,740 potential planets orbiting 2,036 stars. Based on observations conducted May 2009 to March 2011, the most dramatic increases are seen in the number of Earth-size and super Earth-size candidates discovered, which grew by 43 and 21 percent respectively. Image: NASA2017-02-23T05:11:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/08/16/a-60000-year-varve-record-from-japan-refutes-the-young-earth-interpretation-of-earths-history/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/varvemontana-bensen.jpgVarves in Montana - Photo credit Rod BensonVarves in Montana - Photo credit Rod Benson http://formontana.net/glaciers.html2019-06-25T18:44:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/01/16/adam-eden-and-the-corruption-of-nature-a-thorny-young-earth-assumption/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/thorns-rosefreeimages.jpgthorns-rosefreeimageshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/goddwellsamongus-200x300.jpggoddwellsamongus-200x300"God Dwells Among Us" is a recent book that summarizes G.K. Beale's larger more academic book that I also recommend: "The Temple and the Churches Mission: A Biblical Theology of the Dwelling Place of God" 2018-11-12T20:16:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/01/23/on-the-origin-of-thorns-the-prelapsarian-acacia-and-the-good-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/thorns-leaves.jpgthorns-leaveshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/didideraceae-thorns-leaves2.jpgdidideraceae-thorns-leaves2The function of thorns of this plant from Madagascar are fairly obvious. The leaves of this desert plant extend just to the tip of the thorns otherwise they would become more susceptible to grazing by herbivore. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/acacia-beltianbodies-liscenced.jpgacacia-beltianbodies-liscencedThe yellow structures are called beltian bodies and are a protein/lipid rich structure produced either at the tips of the leaflets or in some species of acacias in place of some leaflets. The ants can clip these bodies off and carry them to their homes inside the thorns on these Central American acacias. The ants use them as a food source. In return the ants put up a vigorous defense of the tree including attacking any other insect or herbivore that might try to eat the leaves of the plant. In some cases the ants will even go out and cut down other plants that come in contact with the trees preventing local competition with other plants.2018-11-25T22:00:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/06/nh-photography-the-beauty-of-thistles/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/teasle-flower-greenbackground.jpgTeasle-flower-greenbackgroundhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/butterflyonthistle2.jpgButterflyonThistle2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistle-meadow-janesvillewi.jpgThistle-meadow-JanesvilleWIhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistles-purple-patch-carduus-bull-wisconsin.jpgThistles-purple-patch-carduus-bull-wisconsinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistle-flower-musk-carduus-wisconsin.jpgThistle-flower-Musk-Carduus-wisconsinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistles-cirsium-purple-wisconsin.jpgThistles-cirsium-purple-wisconsinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistle-plant-purple-spines-leaves-wisconsin.jpgThistle-plant-purple-spines-leaves-Wisconsinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/yellow-bird-eating-thistle-seeds.jpgYellow-bird-eating-thistle-seedshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistle-seeds-wisconsin.jpgThistle-seeds-wisconsinhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/thistle-flower-opening.jpgThistle-flower-opening2017-01-21T12:17:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2017/01/02/ken-hams-ark-encounter-to-usher-in-a-modern-day-reformation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/poythress-redeeming-science.jpgpoythress-redeeming-sciencehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/beale-temple-mission.jpegbeale-temple-missionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/reformers-wall.jpgreformers-wallGeneva reformers Feral, Calvin, Beza, Knox2017-10-31T05:44:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/07/02/ken-hams-ark-adventure-to-usher-in-a-modern-day-reformation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/noahs_ark.jpgNoahs_Arkhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/flood-geology-modern-price.jpgflood-geology-modern-priceOne of Price's many books extolling "modern" flood geology as an alternative to conventional geology. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/george-mccready-price-crusader-creation.jpggeorge-mccready-price-crusader-creationPrices's student wrote this biography of Price int he 1930s. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/the-creationists-ronald-numbers.jpgThe-creationists-ronald-numbersI prefer the first edition cover and subtitle (The evolution of scientific creationism) of The Creationists by Ronald Numbers. 2017-01-02T14:58:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/06/12/the-dangers-of-poor-scholarship-a-creationists-take-on-feathered-dinosaurs-3/2016-12-14T17:42:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/09/15/bones-of-contention-young-earth-creationists-respond-to-homo-naledi-fossils/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/dinaledi_cave-ngs.pngdinaledi_cave-NGShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/homo-naledi-cave-national-geographic.pngHomo-naledi-cave-National-Geographichttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/homo-naledi-cave-map-national-geographic-wits-berger.jpgHomo-naledi-cave-map-National-Geographic-Wits-BergerA schematic of the cave in which the bones were found. Credit: National Geographic and Lee Bergerhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hobbit-skull.jpghobbit-skullThe "hobbit" Homo floresienses skull compared to the typical human skull o the right. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/hawks_homo_naledi15_26.jpgHawks_Homo_naledi15_26Some of the fossil bones from the rising star cave in South Africa that have been named Homo naledi. Photo: John Hawks - co-author of the paper reporting the result of research on these bones.2016-12-08T15:17:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/12/05/a-dinosaur-tale-a-young-earth-speaker-takes-on-the-asteroid-extinction-theory/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/k-tboundary-oceansedimentcore.pngk-tboundary-oceansedimentcorehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/dinosaur-national-monument-kids-2004.jpgdinosaur-national-monument-kids-2004Some of my kids posing in front of dinosaur bones exposed at Dinosaur National Monument more than 10 years ago. 2016-12-08T05:15:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/11/08/a-visit-to-fossil-butte-national-monument-in-wyoming/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/green_river_map.jpggreen_river_mapFossil Butte National Monument is the remains of "Fossil Lake." https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-quarrylocation-fossilbedshdrbeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgfossil-butte-quarrylocation-fossilbedshdrbeechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-wyoming-visitors-center2016.jpgfossil-butte-wyoming-visitors-center2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-plate-leaves.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-plate-leaveshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-plant-diversity.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-plant-diversityhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-palm-leaf.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-palm-leafhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-nelumbo-fruit.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-nelumbo-fruithttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-leaves.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-leaveshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-leafdiversity.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-leafdiversityhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fossil-butte-visitor-center-fish-diversity.jpgfossil-butte-visitor-center-fish-diversity2016-12-02T15:45:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/11/18/john-ray-in-1695-the-flood-fossils-and-extinction/2016-11-18T15:22:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/11/03/the-ark-encounter-fossil-sluice-a-missed-educational-opportunity/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/kentucky-roadcut-fossils-i71.jpgkentucky-roadcut-fossils-i71https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/fos-ae-kind.jpgfos-ae-kindAnswers in Genesis posted this picture on Twitter of the typical fossils that visitors can "find" when they buy their bag of dirt. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/camp-infinity-fossil-sluice-arkencounter.jpgcamp-infinity-fossil-sluice-arkencounterThe Fossil Sluice at the Ark Encounter park in Kentucky. Image from the sponsor Camp Infinity https://campinfinity.com/blog/2016/08/06/ci-fossil-sluice-opens-ark-encounter/ 2016-11-07T20:24:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/10/24/quadrillions-quintillions-and-beyond-the-vast-fossil-record-refutes-the-global-flood-narrative/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-gulch-belamnite-site-anthillfossils.jpgred-gulch-belamnite-site-anthillfossilshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/gryphaea-fossils-sheepmountain-wyoming-2016.jpggryphaea-fossils-sheepmountain-wyoming-2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/belemnites-sheep-mountain-2016btnh.jpgbelemnites-sheep-mountain-2016btnhhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/belemnites-sheep-mountain-2016tnh.jpgbelemnites-sheep-mountain-2016tnhDon't worry I left a few for everyone else. I collected just a few of the quadrillions of belemnite fossils that are contained in rocks of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. These were collected on our hike on Sheep Mountain. (image: Joel Duff)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/sund-form.jpgLevin 8e/Wiley fig 13-27 w302General area covered by the Sundance Sea in the Middle Jurassic. 2018-02-17T09:20:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/10/13/the-ark-encounter-a-presentation-at-the-geological-society-of-america-annual-meeting-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/ark-gsa-2016-introslide2.jpgark-gsa-2016-introslide22016-10-13T14:33:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/06/04/trip-to-joggins-fossil-cliffs-nova-scotia-polystrate-trees/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/dsc_4366.jpgDSC_4366https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/sigillarialepidodendron.jpgSigillariaLepidodendronThese are the two types of trees for which part are commonly found in the Joggins Fossil Cliffs. These were very large trees reaching heights of 50 feet or more. These plants would not have produced rings in wood like flowering plant trees but rather had a very different type of growth pattern. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/polystratefossil-lepidodendron.jpgPolystrateFossil-LepidodendronClassic image of polystrate Lycopsid (extinct group) tree. Notice that it is at an angle like the layers of rock.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/joggins_with_aurealcross-lepidodendron.jpgJoggins_with_AurealCross-lepidodendronClassic image of polystrate Lycopsid (extinct group) tree. Notice that it is at an angle like the layers of rock. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/joggins_canada_site_boundary.jpgjoggins_canada_site_boundaryViewed from above you can see the dipping rock layers and how they have been eroded in the past to form the flat land that the house is on and then how the bay of Funday is eroding the layers at a yet lower level. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/batrachichnus-salamandroides-joggins-fossil-cliffs.jpgBatrachichnus-salamandroides-joggins-fossil-cliffsBatrachichnus salamandroides trackway. Click to enlarge. Credit: Gloria Melansonhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/dsc_4386.jpgjoggins-fossil-cliffs-stigmariaAn example of a fossiliferous rock at Joggins fossil cliffs. What you see here are the impressions and remains of a root called Stigmaria which was part of a large extinct lycophyte tree. This was the dominant tree in this area as evidenced by the fossil here. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/dsc_4389.jpgJoggins-fossil-cliffs-fundy-bay-tideThe tide is coming in now in Funday Bay at Joggins Fossil Cliffs. It comes is no fast you have to walk back steadily to keep from being overtaken. The black rocks are a coal seam that is dipping into the ground at a 45 degree angle. The other rock ridges are layers of rock that are more resistant to erosion. Two of my kids are scene here for scale. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/dsc_4382.jpgjoggins-fossil-cliffs-ripple-marksII-rockAnother example of ripple marks preserved in stone. There is a great diversity of ripple marks in the stones here showing that there the habitats changed over time such as different depths of water and speed of the moving water. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/dsc_4373.jpgJoggins-fossil-cliffs-ripple-marks-rockHere is a block of rock with clear ripple marks providing evidence there was once an ancient shore here. Image credit: Joel Duff2018-08-13T06:39:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/10/11/hiking-through-the-jurassic-period-in-wyoming-a-sheep-mountain-fossil-hunt/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/smnt0-geoforms.jpgsmnt0-geoformsHere is a stratigraphic look at the the north end of the Sheep mountin with the limits of the major rock formations. Since we hicked up this mountain from one side we were walking through most of these rock formations. http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/content/gsaapgbull/88/9/1227/F4.large.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/acline.pngaclineTypical anticline. In the case of sheep mountain imagine that the area around the center of this image is eroded leaving a peak where the folded rocks are bent up. Image credit: Wikipedia commons.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/acanthoteuthis-restorations-1024x840.jpgacanthoteuthis-restorations-1024x840Acanthoteuthis in life. From Klug et al., 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/fossil-belemnoideawik.jpgfossil-belemnoideawikFossil belemnite in the State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart, Germany (Image: User Rai’ke on Wikimedia). https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/belamite-500-sheepmnt.jpgbelamite-500-sheepmnthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/sheep-mountain-hike-wyoming2016.pngsheep-mountain-hike-wyoming2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/sheepmountain-hike-graham-andrew.jpgsheepmountain-hike-graham-andrewhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/wyoming-fossils-shell-mountain-location.jpgwyoming-fossils-shell-mountain-locationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/tensleep-belamnite-fossil-hike-car.jpgtensleep-belamnite-fossil-hike-carhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/sheepmountainsummit.jpgsheepmountainsummit2017-10-06T02:21:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/10/06/perceiving-age-students-interpretations-of-the-history-of-craters-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/endeavour_crater_context.jpgendeavour_crater_contextEndeavor Crater on Mars is the largest crater in this image. Notice that there are other craters inside of this large crater. One of the Endurance Crater is so small it is not even visible in this image. Image credit: NASA/JPL2016-10-08T12:54:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/26/historical-science-and-perceptions-of-age-craters-on-mars/2016-10-05T15:34:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/10/03/walking-in-the-footprints-of-giants-the-red-gulch-dinosaur-tracksite-in-wyoming/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-gulch-bywayblmmap.gifred-gulch-bywayblmmapA BLM graphic showing the location of the Red Gulch Scenic Byway. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pronghorn-tensleeparea2.jpgpronghorn-tensleeparea2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/pronghorn-red-gulch-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgpronghorn-red-gulch-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/jackrabbit-wyoming-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgjackrabbit-wyoming-beechnut-photos-rjduffI took this picture of a jackrabbit in the bighorn basin desert in Wyoming. The ears, eyes and fur color are fantastic adaptations to survival in a place were red foxes and coyotes are common. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/bighorn-badlands-mountains-hdrsunset-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgbighorn-badlands-mountains-hdrsunset-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-gulch-sunrise-dinosaur-tracksitearea-2016beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgred-gulch-sunrise-dinosaur-tracksitearea-2016beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-gulch-dinosaur-tracksite-sunrise-june2016-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgred-gulch-dinosaur-tracksite-sunrise-june2016-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-gulch-dinosaur-tracksite-selfie-sunrise-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgred-gulch-dinosaur-tracksite-selfie-sunrise-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-foxes-red-gulch-wyoming-2016b-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgred-foxes-red-gulch-wyoming-2016b-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/red-fox-red-gulch-wyoming.jpgred-fox-red-gulch-wyoming2016-10-05T12:48:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/07/15/fossil-hunting-in-the-badlands-of-south-dakota/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/wallbadlandssunrisebeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgWallBadlandsSunriseBeechnut-Photos-rjduffSunrise near Wall, South Dakota, over a nearly completely eroded hill. The badlands area is eroding at a very fast pace of about 1 inch per year. in a few decades this small hill will be gone. Photo: Joel Duff, June 2016. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/sunrisewall-vibrant-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgSunriseWall-Vibrant-Beechnut-Photos-rjduffSunrise just east of Wall, South Dakota. Photo (HDR - 7 exposures): Joel Duff, June 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/selfiesunrisewallsdbeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgSelfieSunriseWallSDBeechnut-Photos-rjduffSunrise just east of Wall, South Dakota at a small outcrop of "badlands." Photo: Joel Duff via tripod. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/selfiesunrisewallsd2beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgSelfieSunriseWallSD2Beechnut-Photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/badlandsteeth900.jpgBadlandsTeeth900A portion of a jawbone I picked up off a hillside in the badlands of South Dakota. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/badlandssunrise1000.jpgBadlandssunrise1000https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/badlandsskull1000.jpgBadlandsskull1000Here is a skull eroding from a hillside that I found three years ago on my last visit to the badlands. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/oredontteethithink.jpgOreodont teeth badlandsA couple of possible oreodont teeth from the badlands of South Dakota. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ohioinbadlands.jpgOHIOinBadlandsWe bring a bit of Ohio to the Badlands. That's me as the "I" with one hand up and the other hand holding the camera to take this picture. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/graham-oreodont-jawpiece.jpgGraham-oreodont-jawpieceOne of my sons holding up a piece of jaw of what could be an oreodont that he found. Photo: Joel Duff2016-10-02T01:27:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/22/remnants-of-a-shallow-sea-a-visit-to-monument-rocks-in-kansas/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/20130716_134707.jpg20130716_134707The Fick Fossil and History Museum in Oakley, Kansas. Photo: Joel Duff, 2013https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/platyceramus_platinus_with_pseudoperna_congesta_gove_county_kansas_usa_late_cretaceous_-_royal_ontario_museum_-_dsc00063.jpgplatyceramus_platinus_with_pseudoperna_congesta_gove_county_kansas_usa_late_cretaceous_-_royal_ontario_museum_-_dsc00063Platyceramus platinus with Pseudoperna congesta growing on it, Gove County, Kansas, USA, Late Cretaceous - Royal Ontario Museum. Image from Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monumentrocks-unknownfossil-alsogiantclamshell-kansas.jpgmonumentrocks-unknownfossil-alsogiantclamshell-kansashttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monumentrocks-giant-clamfossil-kansas2000px.jpgmonumentrocks-giant-clamfossil-kansas2000pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monument-rocks-fibrous-clamshell-fossil-kansas.jpgmonument-rocks-fibrous-clamshell-fossil-kansashttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monument-rocks-closeupofwall-clamshellsabundant.jpgmonument-rocks-closeupofwall-clamshellsabundanthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monument-rocks-kansas-sunsethdrbeechnut-photos-rjduff1.jpgmonument-rocks-kansas-sunsethdrbeechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monumentrocks-kansas-killdeer-brokenwing-distraction1.jpgmonumentrocks-kansas-killdeer-brokenwing-distractionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monument-rocks-kansas-joel-beechnut-photos-rjduff1.jpgmonument-rocks-kansas-joel-beechnut-photos-rjduffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/monument-rocks-kansas-giantclamfragments1.jpgmonument-rocks-kansas-giantclamfragments2016-09-29T15:27:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/16/the-origin-of-the-yec-hyper-speciation-model-of-biological-diversity/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/weevils-fusioncontrast-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgweevils-fusioncontrast-beechnut-photos-rjduff2019-10-29T19:05:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/09/06/my-trip-to-the-ark-encounter-some-pictures-and-reflections/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/noah-conversation-video-scoffer.jpgNoah-conversation-video-scofferhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/polar-bears-on-ark-encounter.jpgPolar-bears-on-ark-encounterhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/iceageark.jpgiceagearkhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-trex-skull-entryvideo.jpgArk-encounter-trex-skull-entryvideohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-restraunt.jpgArk-encounter-restraunthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-pre-flood-technology.jpgark-encounter-pre-flood-technologyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-pre-flood-population.jpgArk-encounter-pre-flood-populationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-pre-flood-abuse-of-creation.jpgArk-encounter-pre-flood-abuse-of-creationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-noah-wife-scoffers.jpgArk-encounter-Noah-wife-scoffershttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/ark-encounter-livingquarters.jpgArk-encounter-livingquarters2019-08-30T15:58:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/public-speaking/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-hawaiian-islands-origins1.jpgduff-hawaiian-islands-originshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/joel-duff-guatemala-speaking-2015-800px.jpgJoel-Duff-Guatemala-speaking-2015-800pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/joel-duff-guatemala-creation-conference800px.jpgJoel-Duff-Guatemala-Creation-Conference800pxSpeaking at a creation conference in Guatemala in 2015. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-whoareneanderthals.jpgDuff-WhoareNeanderthalshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-understanding-creationism.jpgDuff-Understanding-Creationismhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-thorns-thistles-creation.jpgDuff-Thorns-thistles-creationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-stories-fossils-tell.jpgDuff-Stories-Fossils-Tellhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-researchslide.jpgDuff-researchslidehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-mars-monument-ancientsolarsystem.jpgDuff-Mars-Monument-AncientSolarSystemhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/duff-introduction.jpgDuff-Introduction2016-09-07T12:39:08+00:00weekly0.6https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/16/the-reformed-church-and-yec/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/summer_institute_2011.jpgsummer_institute_2011https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/reformedchurch.jpgReformedChurchWhat this book doesn't say is that a reformed church is a 6-day creationist church but there are those believe it should be included.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/day4creationstained.jpgDay4CreationStainedhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/creationimagestained.jpgCreationImageStainedhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/lightfromdarkstainedglass.jpgLightfromDarkstainedGlass2016-08-22T03:35:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/11/creationism-yec-reformed-church-ken-ham-john-walton/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/young_earther_i_support_ken_ham_tshirt1.jpgyoung_earther_i_support_ken_ham_tshirthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/genesis-debate-bookcover.jpggenesis-debate-bookcoverhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/young_earther_i_support_ken_ham_tshirt.jpgyoung_earther_i_support_ken_ham_tshirthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/6_days_god_created_i_support_ken_ham_aig_tshirt.jpg6_days_god_created_i_support_ken_ham_aig_tshirtT-shirts available for purchase by home schoolers to support Ham after he was dis-invited to speak at a home school conference.2016-08-22T03:24:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/08/04/the-ark-encounter-depicting-a-real-flood-with-unrealistic-images/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-flood-narrative-watersprevailonearthcropped2.jpgArk-encounter-Flood-narrative-WatersPrevailonEarthcropped2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-stagesofflood-landanimaldierjd.jpgArk-encounter-StagesofFlood-LandAnimalDieRJDHere is the depiction of the early stages of the flood killing off various dinosaurs that weren't chosen to be on the Ark. Photo: Joel Duff, July 15, 2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-stagesofflood-water-rises.jpgArk-encounter-StagesofFlood-water-risesHere is the depiction of the early stages of the flood killing off various dinosaurs that weren't chosen to be on the Ark. Photo: Joel Duff, July 15, 2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-bathtub-arks-rjd.jpgArk-encounter-bathtub-arks-rjdhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-bathtub-ark-deceivingthereader.jpgArk-Encounter-bathtub-ark-deceivingthereaderhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-flood-narrative-watersprevailonearth.jpgArk-encounter-Flood-narrative-WatersPrevailonEarthA depiction of one of the events during the Flood year. Photo: Joel Duff on the Ark Encounter, July 15th, 2016.2016-08-21T11:40:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/11/12/varves-chronology-suigetsu-c14-radiocarbon-callibration-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/tree-rings-varves-c14-chronology.giftree-rings-varves-c14-chronologyThe graph above is a summary of comparison of carbon-14 activity with tree rings and with lake varves from Lake Steel in Minnesota and Lake Suigetsu in Japan. It was prepared by geologists Davidson and Wolgemuth. Notice that as one moves deeper into the sediments of a lake (varve data) that the total amount of C14 gradually declines. There is no abrupt break in C14 concentrations suggesting large changes in radioactivity in the past.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/varve-suigetsu-1984-c14.jpgVarve-suigetsu-1984-c14Varves plotted against C14 dates of organic material taken from the cores. The correlation of C14 dates and varve counts is either in incredible coincidence or are corroborating the validity of each other. This figure is from a 1994 publication and so represents one of the early studies from this site. Much more detailed analysis continues to support the findings reported here. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/lake-suigetsu-map.pngLake-Suigetsu-mapAn aerial map of Lake Suigetsu showing that it is part of a series of lakes. These formed as the result of large volcanic explosions. This image is a web site that documents the research on the varves from this location: http://www.suigetsu.org/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/tephra-suigetsu-varves-lake-chronology1.pngTephra-suigetsu-varves-lake-chronologyHere is an example of an ash layer from one of the cores of Lake Suigetsu. This ash layer is more than 1cm thick (the varves are less than 1mm each) and is composed almost almost pure volcanic glass. The purity suggests that it resulted from ash falling from the sky into this very placid lake and quickly sinking to the bottom. This image is from the Suigetsu web page: https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/tephra-suigetsu-varves-lake-chronology.pngTephra-suigetsu-varves-lake-chronologyA layer of tephra (volcanic ash) is clearly seen here in a core taken from Lake Suigetsu in Japan. Image credit: 2018-09-21T22:08:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/08/03/the-young-earth-hyper-evolution-hypothesis-a-collection-of-critiques/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/ark-encounter-turtle-kind-maybeb.jpgArk-encounter-turtle-kind-maybeBA pair of ?? on the Ark Encounter. I am not sure. I think they might from an extinct group but there was no sign. Visitors are left to guess what they were and might have become. There was also a pair of "walking whales" on the Ark which I recognize but I could not get a good picture of them. Photo: Joel Duff2016-08-14T02:50:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/07/16/hominid-fossils-malapa-cave-human-origins-young-earth-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/a-sediba-skull-rock-2009.jpgA-sediba-skull-rock-2009A remarkable photo of the MH1 skull emerging. Compare to the image of March 6th, where only the humerus was visible and we had no idea the skull was embedded in the tiny block! Photo by Lee R. Bergerhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/malapa-cave-cs-science-diagram.jpgMalapa-cave-cs-Science-diagramA NE-SW cross-section sketch map through the Malapa site showing the Distribution of sedimentary facies, position of hominid fossils, and U-Pb and palaeomagnetic sample locations, together with U-Pb ages and normal and reversed polarities. Courtesy Science Magazine/AAAShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/malapa_cave_cartoon_paul-dirks.jpgMalapa_cave_cartoon_paul-dirksMalapa Cave cartoon depicting what the caves system might have been like at the time that the animals and primates that fell into the cave and became fossilized by minerals in the water. Courtesy Lee R. Berger. Illustration by Paul Dirks. Malapa Cave cartoon. Courtesy Lee R. Berger. Illustration by Paul Dirks.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/malapa-cave-sediba-fossil-rocks-lee-berger.jpgMalapa-cave-sediba-fossil-rocks-lee-bergerFossil bearing rocks tagged and ready to depart for the lab at Malapa early 2010. These rocks have been taken from the pit that represents the fossil cave system (called paleocaves) and represent a portion of the cave that was under a death trap opening and so have accumulated many many bones of animals. Photo courtesy Lee R. Berger and the University of the Witwatersrand 2010. http://www.profleeberger.com/australopithecussedibaimages1.htmhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/malapa-cave-lee-berger-2010.jpgMalapa-cave-Lee-Berger-2010Malapa - early 2010. Photo courtesy Lee R. Berger and the University of the Witwatersrand 20102019-12-19T02:40:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/07/21/nh-photography-devils-tower-national-monument/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-origin.pngDevils-Tower-originOne interpretation of the origin of Devils Towerhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-vibrant-hdr-beechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgDevils-Tower-Vibrant-HDR-Beechnut-Photos-rjduffAn artistic retouching of and HDR composition from the base of the Tower. HDR image: Joel Duff. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-northwestside.jpgDevils-Tower-northwestsidehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/prarie-dog-sitting-devils-tower-rjd.jpgPrarie-dog-sitting-Devils-Tower-rjdThe prarie dogs are more than willing to pose for pictures if you spend a few minutes waiting for them to get used to you. Photo: Joel Duff, June 2016. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/family-devils-tower.jpgFamily-Devils-Towerhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-upclose.jpgDevils-tower-upclosehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-red-sandstone-below.jpgDevils-tower-red-sandstone-belowRed sedimentary rock that lies just below the tower. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-june2016-fromsouth.jpgDevils-Tower-June2016-fromSouthGetting closer to Devils Tower from the south. Image: Joel Duff, June 2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-firstsightfromsouth.jpgDevils-tower-firstsightfromSouthFirst sighting of Devils Tower coming up from the south. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/devils-tower-family.jpgDevils-Tower-FamilyAnother family shot from the hike around the base of the tower. Photo: Joel Duff2016-08-07T20:42:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/05/marine-reptiles-rule-sea-ichthyosaur-find-challenge-young-earth-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ichthyosaur-pregnant-looks-like-dolphin.jpgIchthyosaur-pregnant-looks-like-dolphinAn ichthyosaur chomping on an ammonite. Notice how similar this animal was to today dolphins. Image from: http://news.softpedia.com/news/The-Most-Northern-Pregnant-Ichthyosaur-36410.shtmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ichthyosaur_mounted_skeleton-complete.jpgIchthyosaur_mounted_skeleton-completeAn well preserved ichthyosaur fossil specimen. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/origin-design-sorting-ecological-zones-global-flood.jpgOrigin-design-sorting-ecological-zones-global-floodA typical argument of ecological sorting in the fossil record because of successive drownings of ecosystems during the onset of a global flood. This one is from Harold Coffin in "Origin by Design" from 1983. Image from: https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/majority-life-extinct-duff-seminar-cetaceans1.jpgmajority-life-extinct-duff-seminar-cetaceansA slide from a recent presentation I made on the discovery of deep time illustrating the mind-boggling estimates of number of species that have lived on earth versus the number alive right now. The images are of extinct marine reptiles on the left and cetacean alive today on the right. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/ichthyosaur5.jpgichthyosaur5The Tyndall Glacier. It is in the rocks exposed here that the Ichthyosaurs were found. PR image.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/plesiosaurus_lebensbild-carl-buell.jpgplesiosaurus_lebensbild - Carl BuellPlesiosaurus - Plesiosaurus inhabited the oceans 200 million years ago. "flying" underwater with four wing like limbs. Its sharp teeth and snapping jaws formed a deadly trap for small aquatic animals. The long necked Plesiosaurus gave its name to the plesiosaurs, a group of flesh eating marine reptiles that are extinct. Along with the dolphin like ichthyosaurs and other marine reptiles, plesiosaurs were the "sea dragons" that inhabited the seas from 200 to 65 million years ago, while the dinosaurs were dominant on land. Image Credit: Carl Buellhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/stinnesbeck-lichthyosaur-geology-profile-2014.jpgStinnesbeck-lichthyosaur-geology-profile-2014Figure 4. Section of ichthyosaur-bearing sediment unit at Tyndall ice field: Fromhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B30964.1.2016-08-06T21:25:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/07/31/ken-hams-ark-encounter-opens-to-a-flood-of-press-but-fewer-visitors-than-anticipated/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ark-encounter-joel-lakeshotjuly2016.jpgArk-encounter-joel-lakeshotJuly2016Your's truly in front of the Ark Encounter, July 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ark-encounter-centercolumns-3rddeck.jpgArk-Encounter-centercolumns-3rdDeckThe enterior of the Ark is quite impressive and it smells great if you like the smell of fresh-cut wood. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ark-queue-10-30amfridayb.jpgArk-queue-10-30amFridaybThe queue to enter the Ark at 10:30 am on a Friday in July, 2017. There were over 100 people here and we had a bit of wait though not long enough to watch the whole video being shown. At 1:30 there were just a few people here when we re-entered the ark. Photo: Joel Duff https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ticketingbooth-ark-encounter10amjuly22.jpgticketingbooth-ark-encounter10amJuly22The ticketing booths just after 10 am July 22, 2016. There are five of 15 windows open for the small group that are waiting to get wristbands. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/ark-encounter-lake-boat-fullboat.jpgArk-encounter-lake-boat-fullboatNoah's Ark, the featured attraction at the Ark Encounter theme park. I took this picture at about 10:30 am Friday, July 22. You can there are a few people circling around to go the entrance (right side below the ark). Just a few people taking pictures where I stood. Photo: Joel Duff https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/parkinglot-arkencounter-430pmjuly22.jpgParkingLot-ArkEncounter-430pmJuly22A portion of the Ark Encounter Parking as I was leaving. Photo: Joel Duff, July 22, 2016.2016-12-25T06:32:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/07/13/nh-summer-update-vacation-ark-encounter-and-coming-attractions/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/hand-on-devils-tower.jpgHand-on-Devils-TowerDevils Tower in Wyoming. Photo: Joel Duff, June 2016https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/joel-sideoflaplata2.jpgJoel-sideofLaPlata2Time spent above 12,000 feet in the Colorado Rockies isn't bad either though no fossils up here. I am on the side of La Plata Peak (14,350 feet) here. My 16 year old son went to the top while I hung out taking pictures of wildflowers, marmots and pikas. Photo: Andrew Duff, July 8th 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/fossil-quarry-family.jpgFossil-quarry-familyWatching NPS employees cut fossil fish from a small quarry on Fossil Butte in the Green River Formation. They had collected more than 4600 fish from this one small cliff face. Photo: Joel Duff - June 2016.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/jurrasicsundance-sheepmountaindevilstoenails.jpgJurrasicSundance-SheepMountainDevilsToenailsA common scene whenever we crossed through a particular Jurassic-aged rock formation. Devils toenails (Grypheae), an extinct type of mussel. We saw millions of these at multiple locations in the Bighorn Basin in Wyoming. Photo: Joel Duff, June 2016 https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/red-gulch-familyshot.jpgRed-gulch-FamilyshotMy family (minus my oldest daughter) in the Bighorn basin with the Bighorn Mountains in the background. We are a few miles from the Red Gulch dinosaur tracks that we visited. Photo: Joel Duff, June 20162016-07-15T02:17:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/06/07/blocked-from-facebook-icr-removes-another-form-of-peer-review/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/icr-blocked-meme-fbcropped1.jpgICR-blocked-meme-FBcroppedMy last comment had been here moments before but now these are the only two that remain and I have to ability to comment.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/joel-tripod-selfie-kendallledgesbeechnut-photos-rjduff.jpgJoel-tripod-selfie-KendallLedgesBeechnut-Photos-rjduffThat's me on a recent walk near my home in Ohio. Image: tripod HDR selfie. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/icr-blocked-meme-fbcropped.jpgICR-blocked-meme-FBcroppedMy last comment had been here moments before but now these are the only two that remain and I have to ability to comment. 2019-05-10T20:25:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/24/oh-the-places-we-will-not-go-passing-on-the-ark-encounter-to-encounter-gods-real-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/dsc_0491.jpgDSC_0491https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/deadhorsepointfamilyjde.jpgDeadHorsePointFamilyJDEThe family at Dead Horse Point near Moah, Utah in 2013. We won't be going here this year but we hope to see me any amazing sights this summer. Image credit: tripodhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/4thgrade-nationalparksaccess.png4thGrade-NationalParksAccess2016-06-02T21:15:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/30/nh-photography-the-17-year-cicadas-have-emerged-in-ohio/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cmapbroods.jpgcmapbroodsA map showing the different Broods of 17 and 13 year cicadas i the eastern USA. Brook V are the purple dots. Each brood is on a different cycle of appearance. This map come from the cicadamania webpage which is chock full of info about these cicads including local reports of spottings. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicada-shell-may29kendall.jpgCicada-shell-May29Kendallhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicadas-nymphs-adults-17year-broodv.jpgcicadas-nymphs-adults-17year-broodVhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicada-adult-broodv-17-year-grass-beechnut-photography.jpgCicada-adult-BroodV-17-year-grass-beechnut-photographyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicada-nymph-grass2.jpgcicada-nymph-grass2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicadas-adults-nymphs.jpgCicadas-adults-nymphshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/cicadas-nymphs-adult-broodv-17-year-2016.jpgCicadas-nymphs-adult-BroodV-17-year-2016An adult 17-year cicada and two nymph exoskeletons. Image: Joel Duff2016-05-30T12:54:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/16/bones-of-contention-v-dr-wood-weighs-in-on-the-homo-naledi-mystery-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/homo-naledi-scorecard-creationism.jpgHomo-naledi-Scorecard-creationismThe scorecard updated with Dr. Todd Wood's assessment2017-10-02T00:54:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/14/invoking-super-speed-evolution-the-yec-post-flood-big-bang-of-bird-speciation/2019-07-19T22:09:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/09/new-ad-for-ark-encounter-contradicts-ken-hams-understanding-of-biblical-kinds/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/voyage-begins-again-ark-doorfb.jpgvoyage-begins-again-ark-doorFBhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ark-advent-animals.jpgark-advent-animalsImage from: https://answersingenesis.org/ministry-news/ark-encounter/ark-marketing-21st-century-america/2016-05-16T22:33:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/05/02/the-grand-canyon-magnificent-witness-to-earths-history-2/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/gc-back-cover.pngGC-Back-Coverhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/gc-front-cover-current.pngGC-Front-Cover-currenthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/grand-canyon-monument-to-an-ancient-earth-front-cover.jpgGrand Canyon Monument to an Ancient Earth front coverhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/grand-canyon-coverimage-forfb2.jpgGrand-Canyon-Coverimage-forFB22016-05-20T23:50:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/04/07/testing-yec-hyper-evolution-from-common-ancestors-comparisons-of-mtdna-genome-diversity-in-mammals/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/sequence.pngsequencehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/homininnucleotidegraph.gifhomininnucleotidegraphPairwise nucleotide differences from all pairs of complete mtDNAs from 54 present-day and one Pleistocene modern human, six Neanderthals and the Denisova hominin are shown. Graph reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature, Krause, J., Fu, Q., Good, J. M., Viola, B., Shunkov, M. V., Derevianko, A. P., and Pääbo, S. (2010). The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature. 464: 894-897., copyright 2010.2016-09-18T03:45:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/02/05/ken-hams-biblical-evolution-i-have-a-book-that-says-otherwise/2018-05-17T03:39:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/18/testing-the-creationists-hyper-evolution-orchard-canines-felines-and-elephants/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/elephant-mtdna-genome-tnh.pngElephant-mtDNA-genome-TNHComparison of elephant species mitochondrial DNA genomes. Sequences analyses Feb 14, 2014.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/feline-mtdna-genome-tree.pngFeline-mtDNA-genome-treeComparision of complete mtDNA genomes of feline species. Branch length represents overall genetic divergence (mutations) between lineages. Analysis performed February 17, 2014 by Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/elephant-mtdna-genome-comparison.pngElephant-mtDNA-genome-comparisonddhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/great-ape-mitochondrial-genome-scaledtocanines.pngGreat-ape-mitochondrial-genome-scaledtocaninesGorilla, Chimpanzee and Human mtDNA genomes compared. The branch lengths here represent the total genetic divergence between samples. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/canine-mtdna-genome-tree-tnh.pngCanine-mtDNA-genome-tree-TNHComparison of 1000 mtDNA genomes of carnivores including more than 900 samples of canines. Branch length represents total genetic differences between samples. 2016-03-29T18:30:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/18/is-ken-hams-rapid-post-flood-diversification-really-evolution-a-rose-by-any-other-name/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/theistic-models-history-life-creationism-evolution.pngTheistic-models-history-life-creationism-evolutionA slide from one of my seminars illustrating some of the primary differences between models for the origins of modern biological diversity from a theistic viewpoint.  There are many variations on each of these themes (e.g., the Flood line should probably extend through the Progressive Creation 2 position).  I don't include the historical/traditional creationism view here but it would just but straight lines with no branches from origin to present.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/creationist-orchard-aig-evolution-speciation-terminology.jpgCreationist-Orchard-AiG-Evolution-Speciation-TerminologyA Creationist' Evolution Terminology Guide. I have modified a screenshot image of PPT slide from Ken Ham's debate with Bill Nye. You can find the original image here: https://answersingenesis.org/blogs/ken-ham/2014/02/12/post-debate-potpourri-part-one/2016-03-29T16:52:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/02/17/exploding-termites-sacrifice-of-an-individual-for-the-good-of-the-whole-organism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/blue-term-ex.jpgblue-term-ex2016-02-26T23:50:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/02/15/2500-year-old-human-footprints-discovered-insight-into-the-formation-of-fossil-footprints/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/if-drtsmith.jpgIf-drTSmith2016-02-17T16:18:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/15/a-tale-of-taphonomy-clam-shrimp-fossils-and-the-age-of-the-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/figure_2-astrop.jpgfigure_2-astropFigure 2 from the publication listed and linked to above. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/clam-shrimp-vernal-pool.jpgclam-shrimp-vernal-poolA clam shrimp. This has a nearly clear carapace (the clam shells) and has a large number of eggs in its brood pouch over its back. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/filled_rock_pool.jpgFilled_rock_poolFilled rock pool in western Australia. Image credit: SCWhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/people-enthralled-with-clam-shrimp.jpgPeople enthralled with clam shrimpHanging around a rock pool in Western Australia looking at clam shimp.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fossil-clamshrimp.jpgfossil-clamshrimpFossil clam shrimp from Devonian period rock (400+ million years old)). Image from: http://www.landforms.eu/orkney/Fossils/Asmussia.htmhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/640px-california_clam_shrimp_cyzicus_californicus.jpg640px-California_Clam_Shrimp_(Cyzicus_californicus)California Clam Shrimp (Cyzicus californicus) Mount Diablo State Park, CA.. Image credit: Wikipedia - user Franco Falinihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fossil-clamshrimp-wikipedia.jpgfossil-clamshrimp-wikipediaClam shrimp fossils. Palaeestheria minuta (Syn. Estheria minuta) aus der Erfurt-Formation, "Estherienschichten" Hohenlohe, Deutschland. Image credit: Wikipedia - user Berndh2016-02-09T14:13:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/08/06/exploding-termites-social-insects-behavior-aging/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/termitenhuegel-wikipedia.jpgTermitenhuegel-WikipediaA termite mound in Australia. A large colony of termites produced this mound. Image credit: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/exploding-termites.jpgexploding-termitesThe smaller worker termites with the blue abdomens are the ones that have chemicals stored up that can be released by busting their abdomen open and mixing the substance with salivary material to make a toxic substance that will kill an invading enemy. The larger termites in the picture are guard termites.2016-01-29T19:54:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/19/nh-notes-biggest-dinosaur-ever-found-largest-animal-titanosaurus-blue-whale/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/fossil-dino-egg-wasps-titanosaur.jpgfossil-dino-egg-wasps-titanosaurTitanosaur egg with wasp cocoons. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/joey_williams_with_a_19_foot_long_blue_whale_skull-wiki.jpgJoey_williams_with_a_19_foot_long_blue_whale_skull-WikiA blue whale skull measuring 5.8 metres (19 ft) in the collections of the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. Image source: Wikipedia https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/titanosaur-femur-argentina-human-comparision2.jpgTitanosaur-femur-argentina-human-comparision2A single femur from the newly found titanosaurus. PR photo: MEF https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/argentina_fossils-titanosaur-femur.jpgargentina_fossils-titanosaur-femurMay 16, 2014: Residents and technicians look at the bones of a dinosaur at a farm in La Flecha, west of Argentina's Patagonian city of Trelew. PR photo: REUTERS/Daniel Feldman2016-02-27T05:56:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/01/15/titanosaurus-largest-dinosaur-ever-found-but-is-it-the-largest-animal/2016-01-20T20:13:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2016/01/13/testing-book-smarts-with-observation-john-ray-1735-on-the-value-of-knowledge-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/duffplantbooks-office.jpgDuffPlantBooks-office2016-01-15T08:32:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/28/the-pacific-leaping-blenny-a-fish-that-prefers-to-be-on-land/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/blen-nh.jpgIchthyologyA Pacific leaping blenny at Taga’chang, Guam, 10 June 2011.2017-06-22T23:33:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/03/nh-notes-a-fish-that-prefers-to-be-on-land-the-pacific-leaping-blenny/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/blenny-looking-out-of-rock-hole.jpgblenny-looking-out-of-rock-holeA blenny looking out a hole in a rock where it finds protection during high tide or when predators are around. Image by Courtney Morgans. Higher resolutionimage here http://www.courtneymorgans.com/japan.html along with other blenny images. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/pacific-leaping-blenny2.jpgPacific-leaping-blenny2The Pacific leaping blenny. Image by Courtney Morgans. See http://www.courtneymorgans.com/japan.htm for many additional great pictures. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/pacific-leaping-blenny.jpgIchthyologyThe Pacific leaping blenny. Many populations of this species are found along the coasts of Guam. These fish is only about 4-8cm in length. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/leaping-blenny.jpgLeaping-BlennyVideo shots capturing a leaping blenny in action. 2015-12-28T17:16:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/who-is-john-ray/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/johnraynaturalistbookcover.jpgJohnRayNaturalistBookCoverhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/johray2.jpgJohRay2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/johnrayimage.gifJohnRayImageJohn Ray - Natural Historian2015-12-26T20:49:48+00:00weekly0.6https://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/26/nh-notes-john-ray-on-the-purpose-of-creation-in-the-wisdom-of-god-2/2015-12-26T16:58:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/08/ray-on-the-purpose-of-creation-the-wisdom-of-god/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/hubblegalaxy.jpghubblegalaxyHubble telescope image of the Sombrero Galaxy2015-12-26T16:24:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/12/03/fossil-wasp-cocoons-in-dinosaur-eggs-complex-ecology-contradicts-yec-flood-geology-hypothesis/2018-11-27T01:09:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/11/25/nh-notes-tardigrades-animals-that-are-part-bacteria-plant-and-fungus/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/tardigrade_swim.giftardigrade_swimAnimated gif of a water bear swimming from the New Cosmos Series hosted by Neil DeGrass Tyson. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/tardigrades-light-microscopeimage.jpgTardigrades-light-microscopeimageA light micrograph of a tardigrade "walking" on a algal fillament. Credit: Sinclair Stammers2016-01-13T18:01:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/11/24/dinosaurs-dragons-and-ken-ham-the-literal-reality-of-mythological-creatures-2/2015-11-24T18:01:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/11/20/bones-of-contention-iv-a-yec-homo-naledi-fossil-status-scorecard/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/homo-naledi-fossils-yec-scorecard1.jpgHomo-naledi-fossils-YEC-scorecard2015-11-21T17:21:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/06/13/nh-notes-can-you-find-the-dinosaur-in-this-image/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/dinosaur-egyptian-image-aig-conference-nov2015.jpgDinosaur-egyptian-image-AiG-conference-Nov2015Image presented to K-6 graders at an Answers in Genesis conference showing that dinosaurs and man lived together. Clearly a bad interpretation but also inconsistent with other parts of the seminar in which dinosaurs were said to have died due to the Ice Age which would have been before the Egyptians produced this pottery. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/icr-dinosaur-handlers-cats-pottery-meme.jpgICR-dinosaur-handlers-cats-pottery-memeAn image that ICR has used on the Facebook page and website. This is a part of a running ad for their recently published book: Guide to the Dinosaurs. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/narmer_palette-dinosaurs-or-cats.jpgNarmer_Palette-dinosaurs-or-catsThe Narmer Palette, also known as the Great Hierakonpolis Palette or the Palette of Narmer, is a significant Egyptian archeological find, dating from about the 31st century BC, containing some of the earliest hieroglyphic inscriptions ever found. Source: Wikipedia2020-06-28T23:20:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/30/new-creation-museum-to-test-the-limits-of-donors-and-attendees/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/dallas-museum-science-earth-history-icr.jpgDallas-Museum-Science-Earth-History-ICRArtistic rendering of the future "Dallas Museum of Science and Earth History" situated on the property of the Institute for Creation Researchhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/ark-encounter-park-map-screenshot.jpgArk-encounter-park-map-screenshotThis is a map of the Ark Encounter "complex" when it is complete (2022 in the original plan). Image screenshot from Answers in Genesis - see link in article)2016-02-20T23:01:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/29/the-frequently-overlooked-geological-context-of-hominid-fossils/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2-10malapa-sebida.jpg2-10malapa-sebidahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/comparison_of_skull_features_of_homo_naledi_and_other_early_human_species.jpgComparison_of_skull_features_of_Homo_naledi_and_other_early_human_speciesComparison of skull features of Homo naledi and other early human species. Image credit: Wikipedia, Chris Stringer2015-11-02T18:50:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/22/bones-of-contention-iii-icr-claims-homo-naledi-fossils-are-of-an-imaginary-creature/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/hand-of-a-homo-naledi.jpgHand-of-a-Homo-Naledi2016-02-01T20:50:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/15/get-your-daily-dose-of-discovery-seeing-the-solar-system-through-distant-eyes/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/n00249230-rings-ofsaturn.jpgN00249230-rings-ofSaturnCassini image of the rings of Saturn with three moons. Image: NASA/JPL/Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/esp_024497_1745-hirise-mars.jpgESP_024497_1745-HiRise-MarsHiRise satelite image of the surface of Mars showing small sand dunes covering an ancient landscape that probably once has a valley of some sort. Maybe a river. Image: NASA/JPL/University of Arizonahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/nlb_498073487edr_s0500676ncam00546m_-curiosity-mars.jpgNLB_498073487EDR_S0500676NCAM00546M_-curiosity-marsImage taken by the Curiosity rover in Gale crater on Mars. In the distance is the rim of the crater. Image: NASA / JPL-Caltech / Malin Space Science Systemshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/lor_0299168727_0x630_sci_3-charon-new-horizons.jpglor_0299168727_0x630_sci_3-Charon-New-horizonsPluto's moon, Charon, taken by the New Horizons mission spacecraft as it passed by Pluto last month. This image was received back on Earth last week. Image: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/n00249375encledeus-cassini.jpgN00249375Encledeus-CassiniShot of Saturn's moon Encledeus taken by the Cassini spacecraft this week. Image: NASA/JPL/Caltech2015-10-16T18:02:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/10/14/nh-notes-fossilized-animal-burrows-in-argentina-from-the-triassic-period/2015-10-14T20:15:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/02/06/triassicfossilized-animal-borrows-argentina/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/plosone-0050662-fig2-context-fossil-borrows-triassic.pngPlosone.0050662-fig2-context-fossil-borrows-triassic(A) Generalized stratigraphic section of the Ischigualasto Formation. Red arrows indicate the stratigraphic position of the Morphotype 1 burrow casts identified in the Cancha de Bochas Member, while blue arrows indicate the Morphotype 3 burrow casts. (B) Photograph of typical overbank lithologies in the Cancha de Bochas Member that host the observed large-diameter burrows. This is from the same paper cited in the figure above.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/pone-0050662-fig5-fossil-borrows-triassic.pngpone.0050662-fig5-fossil-borrows-triassicThis is a photograph of a typical burrow complex found in Triassic formations in Argentinia. The scale bar in the pictures is 10 centimeters. Horizontal shafts are labeled "A" and vertical shafts that continued doen into rock below or would have gone up to the surface are labeled "B". This is Fig 3 from: Colombi CE, Fernández E, Currie BS, Alcober OA, et al. (2012) Large-Diameter Burrows of the Triassic Ischigualasto Basin, NW Argentina: Paleoecological and Paleoenvironmental Implications. PLoS ONE 7(12): e50662. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050662 http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0050662.2015-10-14T20:11:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/09/08/nh-photography-summer-nature-pictures-from-northeast-ohio/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/sunflower-dew-firstlight.jpgSunflower-dew-firstlighthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/silphium-sunflower-closeup-stamens.jpgSilphium-sunflower-closeup-stamenshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/swallowtail-butterfly2.jpgSwallowtail-butterfly2https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/silenewhiteflower.jpgSileneWhiteFLowerhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ducks-springfield-bog-lake.jpgDucks-springfield-bog-lakehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/buttonbush-july.jpgbuttonbush-julyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/assassin-bug-butterflyonsunflowerclose.jpgAssassin-bug-butterflyonSunflowerClosehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/dandelionseeds.jpgdandelionseedshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/dragonfly-wingdetail-sfbjuly2015.jpgDragonfly-WingDetail-SFBJuly2015https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/dragonfly-sfbjuly2015.jpgDragonfly-SFBJuly20152015-09-15T10:36:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/11/13/science-in-progress-the-rising-star-expedition-in-south-africa/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/australopithecus-sediba-skull-side-view.jpgaustralopithecus-sediba-skull-side-viewhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/berger-fossil-sebida.jpgBerger-fossil-sebidaProfessor Lee Berger holding his most famous fossil find, a crania of Austripithicus sebida. This fossil was found not far from the current location of the https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/rising-star-hominid-excavation.jpgRising-Star-hominid-excavation(Caption from National Geographic, click on image to get the story and original image) From the Command Center tent, Lee Berger can monitor the progress of the team past obstacles and while collecting or excavating fossils through remote cameras installed by members of the regional caving club. (Photo by Andrew Howley)2015-09-10T18:49:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/31/when-peer-review-lets-you-down-a-yec-quote-problem/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/icr-christ-references-quote.jpgICR-christ-references-quoteICR meme more recently published on their Facebook page on August 27, 2015. 2016-06-17T14:56:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/26/mars-take-a-hit-meteorite-crater-new-surface/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/mars-new-impact-crater-cropped2-hrise-nasa-jpl.jpgMars-new-impact-crater-cropped2-HRISE-NASA-JPLClose-up of new impact crater on Mars. Image: JPL/NASA/University of ArizonaIhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/mars-new-impact-crater-cropped-hrise-nasa-jpl.jpgMars-new-impact-crater-cropped-HRISE-NASA-JPLClose-up of new impact crater on Mars. Image: JPL/NASA/University of Arizona2015-08-26T13:11:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/25/stone-artifacts-from-the-deep-sahara-creating-problems-for-young-earth-creationists/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/egdesscen.jpgEgdesscenhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/egypt-dynasties-biblical-chronology.gifegypt-dynasties-biblical-chronologyTypical depiction of how the chronology of Egyptian dynasties must be changed to fit the "Biblical" timeline. This one is from Answering In Genesis from the "New Answers Book" on line at : https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/doesnt-egyptian-chronology-prove-bible-unreliable/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/refit-stones-japan.jpgRefit-stones-JapanI didn't have access to a picture from this area of Egypt but refitting fragments has been done from many neolithic sites in the world. Above is the result of 148 fragment of stone refit to produce the original rock. The stone fragments were found under a layer of volcanic ash. You can read more about this collection of stone fragments here: 2015-08-29T19:05:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/20/thousands-of-stone-age-artifacts-and-fossil-bones-a-story-of-an-ancient-butcher-shop/2016-08-29T05:34:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/18/billions-of-stone-artifacts-witness-to-the-ancient-occupation-of-the-saharan-desert/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/abydos-desert-collecting-artifacts-upenncredit.jpgabydos-desert-collecting-artifacts-UPennCredit2015-08-20T14:53:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/14/trillions-of-stone-artifacts-redux-a-south-african-test-case-of-yec-chronology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/ancient-stone-artifacts.jpegAncient-stone-artifactshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wilkins-kathu-pan-1-geological-settingfig2.pngWilkins-Kathu-Pan-1-geological-settingFig2Figure 3 from Wilkins et showing a portion of the dig site with layers of sediments labeled. The largest collection of stone artifacts comes from the section labeled 4a. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/spearmaking2.jpgspearmaking2A sample of some of the stone artifacts collected at Kathu Pan. 2016-12-08T11:57:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/20/implications-of-artifacts-and-bones-on-ancient-human-butchery-practices/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/kanjera-artifacts-odewan-kenya.pngKanjera-artifacts-odewan-kenyaSample artifacts collected at this site in southern Kenya. These are clearly not an advanced form of stone tools that one might find at more modern archaeological sites. Image from: http://popular-archaeology.com/issue/june-2012/article/the-hard-stuff-of-culture-oldowan-archaeology-at-kanjera-south-kenyahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/kenya-ks1-ks3-collection-site-human-butchery.jpgKenya-Ks1-KS3-collection-site-human-butcheryThe dig site where these bones and artifacts have been found over the past decade of research at this site. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/hauerelefant-deinotherium-wikipedia.jpgHauerelefant-Deinotherium-wikipediaThe extinct elephant Deinotherum was quite a bit larger than even the largest elephant today. It's bones have been found from Asia to Europe and through the upper half of Africa. This report from Kenya is the first time I've seen their bones associated with evidence of human occupation.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/bone-processing-marks-hominid.jpgBone-processing-marks-hominidA small antelope leg bone with cut marks, indicative of early human butchery practices with stone tools. The tools for making these cuts where also found in the same area. (Credit: Image courtesy of Baylor University)2015-08-13T00:40:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/11/nh-notes-natural-trap-cave-an-ice-age-fauna-snapshot/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/grate-over-death-trap-cave.jpggrate-over-death-trap-caveGrate over Death Trap Cave entrance. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/natural-trap-cave-wyoming-entrance.jpgNatural-trap-cave-wyoming-entranceEntrance to Natural Trap Cave in Wyoming.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/wyoming-natural-trap-cave-rapel-310.jpgJustin SiplaJustin Sipla ascends up a rope 80 feet after working at the bottom of the Natural Trap Cave in north-central Wyoming in July 2014. AP Photo/Bureau of Land Management 2016-06-03T16:05:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/08/03/answers-in-genesis-struggles-to-make-sense-of-vast-numbers-of-stone-age-artifacts/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/nefuddesertbidirectionalflaking.jpgNefud+Desert+bidirectionalflakingSelected artefacts from KAM1. (1) Conjoined Levallois flake with bidirectional flaking pattern; (2) Levallois flake with centripetal flaking pattern; (3) broken Levallois flake,possibly a point, with unidirectional flaking pattern; (4) broken Levallois flake, possibly a point, with bidirectional flaking pattern; (5) Levallois flake with centripetal flaking pattern; (6) centripetally prepared preferential Levallois core; (7) double side retouched point; (8) side retouched flake; (9) refitted single platform core and flake; (10) refitted core management flakes; (11) conjoined blade. Eleanor Scerri in Scerri et al. (2014).2015-08-05T22:34:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/07/24/nh-notes-a-four-legged-snake-has-the-edenic-serpent-been-found/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/sn-fossilsnakes.jpgsn-fossilsnakeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/both-hind-legs-p1220577-e1437495567967.jpgBoth-hind-legs-P1220577-e1437495567967Two of the four legs of this fossil snake. Bath University press release: http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/news/2015/07/24/four-legged-snake/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/complete-snake-four-4-legs-u-bath.jpgComplete-snake-four-4-legs-U-BathThe snake fossil found in 120 MYA rock in Brazil. This image is from Bath University: http://www.bath.ac.uk/research/news/2015/07/24/four-legged-snake/2015-08-16T15:29:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/11/cosmogenic-dating-methods-allow-estimates-of-erosion-rates-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/20131209_pia17602-gale-crater-ages-curiosity.jpg20131209_PIA17602-Gale-crater-ages-curiosityGale crater overview with age estimates.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/layers-rock-mars-yellowknifebay.jpgLayers-rock-Mars-yellowknifebayLayers of rock seen at yellowknife bay in Gale Crater of Mars by the Curiosity Rover. Image: JPL/NASA-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/comogenic-dating-rocks-erosion.jpgComogenic-dating-rocks-erosionSchematic illustration of the exhumation of boulders from a heterogeneous deposit by erosion of the matrix. Think of this as bouders in a glacial deposit. As the material around the bouders erodes it leaves the boulder at the surface. By measuring the ratio f nuclides in the surface of each of these rocks in the last frame it is possible to tell which boulder was uncovered first because it will be the one that has been exposed to cosmic rayes the longest and so will be the most altered. Similarly layers of rock on Mars can be tested and rocks in one area to find out if they might have been exposed longer than in other areas. After Zreda et al. (1994)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/gale-crater-lake-bottom-0475mr1888005000d1.jpgGale-crater-lake-bottom-0475MR1888005000D1This picture was taken two days ago by the Curiosity rover. In the distance is the hopeful destination. This area is where scientists believe an ancient lake once was. There should be a lot to look at and test when they get there. Image: JPL/NASA-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/20130520_0279mh0190001000c0_dxxx_f840-drill-site-mars.gif20130520_0279MH0190001000C0_DXXX_f840-drill-site-marsOn sol 279 (May 18, 2013), Curiosity drilled at a second site, named Cumberland. NASA / JPL / MSSS / Emily Lakdawallahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/20131209_pia17603-point-lake-outcrop-mars-curiosity.jpg20131209_PIA17603-point-lake-outcrop-mars-curiosityCuriosity took this photo from Yellowknife Bay, looking west-northwest up a series of scarps created by wind erosion. NASA / JPL / MSSS2015-07-19T21:01:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/10/18/geological-context-origin-dmanisi-skull/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/excavation-site-georgia-dminisi-ap.jpgexcavation-site-georgia-dminisi-APThe roof in the foreground covers one of the main excavation pits. You can see here that the ruins are built on the rocks rocky highland between the two rivers. The fossils are found in these rocks.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ancient-skulls-georgia.jpgancient-skulls-georgiaTo the left is the new skull (#5). The other skulls are from animals found in the same layers). You can see here that the extraction of these from the rock is no easy task. It might have taken a year to go from the image above to what you can see in this image.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/new-hominid-dmanisi-in-situ_72571_990x742.jpgnew-hominid-dmanisi-in-situ_72571_990x742The latest skull to appear from the rocks at Dmanisi. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013. Photograph courtesy Georgian National Museumhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/figure2-pnas-dmansi-excavation-profile.jpgFigure2-PNAS-Dmansi-excavation-profileStratigraphy and archaeological discoveries in Unit M5. The 6.2-m section shows that Dmanisi's sedimentary/geomagnetic record spans the late Olduvai subchron (stratum A) through earliest Upper Matuyama chron (stratum B). Test excavations recovered 73 stone artifacts from strata A2–A4, which are firmly dated to 1.85–1.78 Ma. 2015-07-03T14:02:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/06/18/is-historical-science-reliable-an-exploration-of-the-aig-origins-science-label/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/did-trex-short-arms-origins-science.jpgDid-trex-short-arms-origins-science2015-06-21T20:56:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/22/photography-goosenecks-san-juan-river-utah/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/twin-rocks-bluff-utah1600.jpgTwin-rocks-bluff-Utah1600The twin tocks trading post sits below Twin Rocks (Left). This formation is caused by the resistance of the navajo sandstone (rock on top). This is the same rock formation that we will be seeing all the way up through Moab and is the rock that the arches are found in. This is a camera phone image vs my Nikon camera for most of the other images. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/road-muley-point-plateau-goosenecks-utah2500.jpgRoad-Muley-Point-plateau-Goosenecks-Utah2500A panorama image taken with my phone of route 261 heading north of the Goosenecks of the San Juan River. In the distance is the plateau which we would need to climb to get to Muley Point which is on the left end. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mulie-point-switchback-road-utah2500.jpgMulie-point-switchback-road-utah2500The road leading up to the plateau were the Mulie Point lookout over the Goosnecks of the San Juan River can be found. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mulie-point-south-goosenecks-san-juan2500.jpgMulie-point-south-goosenecks-san-juan2500The view from Mulie point looking south over the Goosenecks of the San Juan River. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/muliepoint-goosneckssanjuan.jpgMuliePoint-GoosnecksSanJuanThe view looking east from Mulie point above the Goosnecks of the San Juan Riverhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/panoramagoosnecksjde.jpgPanoramaGoosnecksJDEA panorama of the Goosnecks of the San Juan River taken at the state park of the same name. I took this image with my phone. I did play with the image a bit and darkened the sky some. For a phone shot I thought it was quite good. Click for larger image. Image credit: Joel Duff. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mexican-hat-intersectionb2500.jpgMexican-hat-intersectionb2500Looking north up rt 261 from its intersection with rt 163. Click for 2500px version of image. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mexican-hat-intersection2500.jpgMexican-Hat-Intersection2500Looking direction east from intersection 261 and 1?? near Mexican Hat, UT. Click for 2500px version. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mexican-hat-formation-2500-natural-historian.jpgMexican-hat-formation-2500-natural-historianThe "Mexican Hat" rock formation is right in the middle of this picture. You are looking east from the intersection of rt ?? and rt ??https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/goosnecks-san-juan-river-googlemaps.pngGoosnecks-San-Juan-River-GoogleMapsImage capture of Google maps of the San Juan River region of southeastern Utah. I have noted places where I visited and took pictures of this summer.2015-05-02T12:16:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/04/30/curiosity-rover-update-diverse-geological-formations-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/0969mr0042830510502625e01_dxxx.jpg0969MR0042830510502625E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/0969mr0042830080502582e01_dxxx.jpg0969MR0042830080502582E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/0950ml0041760060403285e01_dxxx.jpg0950ML0041760060403285E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/thefoothills-stunningshofixedt0952mr0041900010502085e01_dxxx.jpgTheFoothills-stunningshofixedt0952MR0041900010502085E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/curiosity-mars-foothills-mt-sharp-fixed0952mr0041900030502087e01_dxxx.jpgcuriosity-mars-foothills-Mt-sharp-fixed0952MR0041900030502087E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/0963ml0042680020403883e01_dxxxunconformityonmars.jpg0963ML0042680020403883E01_DXXXunconformityonMarshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/finelayers0828mr0036350650500660e01_dxxx.jpgFineLayers0828MR0036350650500660E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/curiosity-rover-mars-filled-cracks-0939mr0041250000501929e01_dxxx.jpgcuriosity-rover-mars-filled-cracks-0939MR0041250000501929E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/0952ml0041890030403391e01_dxxx.jpg0952ML0041890030403391E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/dustyday-lookinttowardcraterrim0950ml0041760080403287e01_dxxx.jpgdustyDay-lookinttowardcraterrim0950ML0041760080403287E01_DXXX2015-05-01T01:39:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/04/11/the-diversity-of-life-an-introductory-lecture/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/elephant-diversity-presentation-slide.jpgElephant-diversity-presentation-slidehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/present-vs-past-diversity-comparied.jpgPresent-vs-Past-Diversity-compariedhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/cat-diversity-slide-creationism.jpgCat-diversity-slide-creationism2015-05-28T21:29:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/04/06/amazonian-forest-islands-accidental-products-of-ancient-human-occupation-2/2015-04-07T18:59:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/03/31/origins-of-a-tropical-island-ii-the-long-road-from-lava-to-colonization/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/nishinoshima_japancg_2014238_lrg.jpgNishinoshima_JapanCG_2014238_lrgThe new volcano (black material) is taking over the old island (green and yellow portion of the island). https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/pleiades_hunga-tonga-new-island.jpgPleiades_hunga-tonga-new-islandThe post-eruption satellite view after the island on the left became joined to the crater which created a larger land mass (Pleiades © CNES 2015)2015-04-02T16:11:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/03/05/origins-of-a-tropical-island-instant-paradise-or-a-long-chaotic-process/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/new-japan-island-volcano-merging-nishino-shima.jpgNew-japan-island-volcano-merging-nishino-shimahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/r31876_9_two_japanese_isles_merge-4.jpgr31876_9_two_japanese_isles_merge-4Pleides satelite images of the new island merging with Nishino-shima. Image from: http://www.geo-airbusds.com/en/5624-two-japanese-islands-merge-together-under-the-watchful-gaze-of-pleiadeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ogasawara_islands.pngOgasawara_islandsMap showing location of Nishino-shima and other members of the Ogasawara Group of islands south of mainland Japan. Map credit: Wikpedia https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/overtakenentireisland-nishino-shima.jpgOvertakenentireisland-nishino-shimaA recent picture from the end of the February 2015 shows the entire island engulfed by fresh volcanic material with volcanic activity still going strong. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/merging-islands-pacific-march2014.jpgmerging-islands-pacific-March2014In March of 2014, the volcano has about half-covered the original island. The light green in the foreground is vegetation cover of parts of the island formed in 1973.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/nish04-4panels.jpgnish04-4panelsComparison of Nishinoshima from shortly after the birth to its emergence and takeover of Nishino-shima. Panels show Nov 2013, December 25, 2013; April 2014, and Nov 2014 (bottom right) Source. Asahi.comhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/newislandjapan.jpgNewIslandJapanIn November of 2013 a volcano emerges from under the sea to form a new landmass near Nishino-shima. 2015-03-10T00:24:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/01/29/nh-notes-an-ancient-jawbone-found-by-fishermen-off-the-coast-of-taiwan/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/taiwan-hominid-jaw-map-continental-shelf-ancient.pngTaiwan-hominid-jaw-map-continental-shelf-ancientThe trench where this jawbone was found was between the small Islands west of Taiwan and the island of Taiwan.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/taiwan-hominid-jaw-modern-jaw.jpgTaiwan-hominid-jaw-modern-jawdhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/sn-fossilh-jawbone-taiwan.jpgsn-fossilH-Jawbone-Taiwan2015-02-17T21:22:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/01/05/creationism-reformed-church-reflections-on-ets-2014/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/creacic3b3n_de_adc3a1n_miguel_c3a1ngel.jpgCreación_de_Adán_(Miguel_Ángel)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/godcreatedheavensearthgenesis1.jpgGodCreatedHeavensEarthGenesis1https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/readinggenesis1-2b.jpgReadingGenesis1-2bI recommend this book as a good introduction to the various viewpoints among conservative evangelicals.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/readinggenesis1-2.jpgreadinggenesis1-2Hi recommend this book as a good introduction to the various viewpoints among conservative evangelicals. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/didadamandevereallyexistbook.jpgDidAdamAndEveReallyExistBook2019-02-14T23:20:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/12/19/nh-notes-every-breaking-wave-concretions-resist-the-sands-of-time/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/wave-on-rocks-sunset-cliffs.jpgWave-on-rocks-sunset-cliffsWaves crash on Sunset Cliffs. Image Joel Duff, Nov 2014https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/concretion-sunset-cliffs-2014.jpgConcretion-sunset-cliffs-2014A large concretion takes on the waves. Image: Joel Duff Nov 2014https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/1200px-bowling_balls_beach_2_edit.jpg1200px-Bowling_Balls_Beach_2_editbowling ballshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/concretions-sunset-cliffs-point-loma1500.jpgConcretions-sunset-cliffs-point-loma1500Concretions resist erosion on rocks of Sunset Cliffs near San Diego. Image taken on Nov 21, 2014 by Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/concretions3-sunset-cliffs-point-loma1600.jpgConcretions3-sunset-cliffs-point-loma1600Sunset Cliffs. Picture taken on November 20th, 2014 by Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sunsetcliffspoint-loma-2011.jpgSunsetCliffsPoint-Loma-2011https://www.flickr.com/photos/37727860@N00/6597174115/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/point-loma-concreations2012lauren.jpgPoint-loma-concreations2012Laurenhttp://laurennicolelove.com/photo/sandiego/IMG_1140.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sunset-cliffs-point-loma1999.jpgSunset-Cliffs-Point-Loma1999http://drivethenation.com/pacfic-coast-highway-guide/ 1999https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/640px-concretion_point_loma_fm12009.jpg640px-Concretion_Point_Loma_Fm120092009 concretion Point Loma https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/sunset-cliffs-natural-park-san-diego-1999.jpgsunset cliffs natural park san diego 1999http://m_nelson.tripod.com/sunsetcliffs.htm 19992015-01-27T18:33:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/12/30/reflections-on-ets-2014-part-i-an-overview-of-origins-related-talks/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/adam-and-eve-historical-garden.pngadam-and-eve-historical-gardenhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/ets2014-logo.jpgETS2014-logohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/answers-in-genesis-ets-2014booth.jpgAnswers-in-Genesis-ETS-2014boothThe Answers in Genesis booth at ETS 2014. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/joel-ken-solid-rock-lecture-ets2014.jpgJoel-Ken-Solid-Rock-Lecture-ETS2014Myself (Joel) and Ken Wogelmuth at the Solid Rock Lectures booth at ETS 2014. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/historical-adam-panel-ets-2014.jpgHistorical-Adam-Panel-ETS-2014Authors of "Four Views of the Historical Adam." From left to right Averbeck, Collins, Walton and Lamereaux. Just before the session on historical Adam at ETS 2014. Photo: Joel Duff2015-01-27T18:30:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2015/01/22/the-little-rover-that-could-opportunity-thinks-it-can-for-11-years-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/opportunity-rover-artistic-impression.jpgOpportunity-rover-artistic-impressionArtistic impression of Opportunity rolling off its lander onto Mars for the first time.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ht_opportunity_rover_nt_130124_wmain.jpght_opportunity_rover_nt_130124_wmainhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/pia14506_opportunitys_view_approaching_rim_of_endeavour.jpgIDL TIFF fileA look into the Endeavour crater soon after arriving. Image: NASA:JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1200px-burns_cliff-endurance-crater-mars.jpg1200px-Burns_cliff-endurance-crater-mars"Burns cliff" inside Endurance crater on Mars. Image: NASA/JPL-caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/opp-day543-tracksondunes.jpgopp.day543.tracksondunesLooking back at its own tracks across the seemingly endless small dunes. Image: NASA:JPL-caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/1n475217856effcl00p1825r0m1.jpg1N475217856EFFCL00P1825R0M1At a high point along the rim of Endurance crater. To the right is the continued rim of the crater while the left shows the depression of this large and very ancient crater on Mars. Image: NASA:JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/merb_sol2670-endurance-crater-map-opportunity.jpgMERB_Sol2670-Endurance-crater-map-opportunityTraverse map of Opportunity showing its trek from landing site to the rim of Endeavor where it is today. Image: NASA/JPL-caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/pia17759_jc2-opportunity-self-portrait-red-dust-mars.jpgpia17759_JC2-opportunity-self-portrait-red-dust-marsOpportunity self portrait showing its covering of dust after 10 years of roving Mars. Image: NASA/JPL-caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/victoria-crater-above-opportunity-travels.jpgVictoria-crater-above-Opportunity-travelsVictoria crater from satillite imagery with the movements of the of Opportunity mapped onto it. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/side-ofcrater-showingbandingpatterns.jpgside.ofcrater.showingbandingpatternsSides of the Endurance crater2015-01-27T11:17:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/14/rewinding-the-clock-an-asteroid-family-history-age-solar-system/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/astroid-families-astronomy-mag-2006.jpgastroid-families-Astronomy-mag-2006Mapping of some asteroid families. Colors represent objects that are all the same family member and how far apart they are. From Astronomy Magazine 2006. Roen Kelly, After M. Juric, Z Ivezic, R. Lupton Et al. 2002.2014-12-12T15:41:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/05/18/tumbling-rotating-asteroids-age-solar-system-young-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/eros-asteroid-oblong-view.jpgEros-asteroid-oblong-viewEros asteroid. Despite its oblong shape it has been shown to be rotating around is principle axis point. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/nasa-asteroid-rotating-2011.jpgNASA-Asteroid-rotating-2011A radar image of asteroid 2010 JL33, generated from data taken by NASA's Goldstone Solar System Radar on Dec. 11 and 12, 2010. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech2018-03-05T03:51:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/29/naturalis-historia-a-two-year-status-report/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/badlands-joel-duff-bg-southdakota2013.jpgBadlands-joel-duff-bg-SouthDakota2013https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/joel-duff-badlandsnp-southdakota2013.jpgJoel-duff-badlandsNP-SouthDakota2013In Badlands National Park in South Dakota, August 2013. Photo by Joel Duff2014-12-09T19:46:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/11/04/ancient-dna-redux-700-year-old-virus-resurrected-from-frozen-caribou-dung/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/caribou-ice-core-dung.jpgcaribou-ice-core-dunghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/caribou-ice-patch.jpgcaribou-ice-patchhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/mammoth-tulk-siberia-permafrost.jpgmammoth-tulk-siberia-permafrosthttps://www.royalholloway.ac.uk/research/news/newsarticles/inbreedingdidnotcausemammothextinction.aspx2014-11-13T03:56:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/14/covered-in-shells-how-many-fossils-are-there/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/crinoidruler.jpgKONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERAClose up for crinoids in rocks used in the construction of Sacred Heart Church in Washington D.C. The stone for this building came from Kentucky. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/roadcutcincinnatil.jpgRoadCutCincinnatiLRoad cut near Cincinnati OHhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ordivicianfossilslarge.jpgOrdivicianFossilsLargeFossils in rocks from a road cut near Cincinnat OH.2014-11-13T03:42:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/07/zealous-for-yec-self-proclaimedexperts-in-geology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/everyoneisanexpertbysethgodin.jpgEveryoneIsAnExpertBySethGodinYes, everyone is an expert in something but they aren't an expert in everything. It is how we make decisions about what other experts to believe that will have a huge impact on our beliefs. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/fossils-say-no-creationist_car-wik.jpgFossils-say-no-Creationist_car-WikA car seen in Athens Georgia. I don't know who the owner is but it is very likely they know very little about geology. It is more likely that they have placed their faith in the experts at AIG. That trust in experts has emboldened this person to proclaim their belief in scientific evidence on their car. (image credit: Wikipedia.org)2014-11-07T23:44:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/11/01/curiosity-rover-update-driving-into-a-sedimentary-wonderland-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/0710mr0030150080402502e01_dxxx.jpg0710MR0030150080402502E01_DXXX0710MR0030150080402502E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/0739ml0031640160205354e01_dxxx.jpg0739ML0031640160205354E01_DXXX0739ML0031640160205354E01_DXXX NASA/JPLCaltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/0792ml0034570030400590e01_dxxxcuriosity-thinlayers.jpg0792ML0034570030400590E01_DXXXCuriosity-thinlayers0792ML0034570030400590E01_DXXXCuriosity-thinlayershttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/nrb_467991201edr_f0440568ncam00404m_marsthinlayersbw.jpgNRB_467991201EDR_F0440568NCAM00404M_MarsthinlayersBWNRB_467991201EDR_F0440568NCAM00404M_MarsthinlayersBWhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/nlb_467991018edr_f0440568ncam00298m_.jpgNLB_467991018EDR_F0440568NCAM00298M_NLB_467991018EDR_F0440568NCAM00298M_https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/nrb_463107156edr_f0410748ncam00274m_.jpgNRB_463107156EDR_F0410748NCAM00274M_NRB_463107156EDR_F0410748NCAM00274M_https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/0751mr0032280010403593e01_dxxx.jpg0751MR0032280010403593E01_DXXXhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/0751ml0032280010206029e01_dxxx.jpg0751ML0032280010206029E01_DXXX0751ML0032280010206029E01_DXXX NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/0751mr0032280260403618e01_dxxx.jpg0751MR0032280260403618E01_DXXX0751MR0032280260403618E01 NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/0751mr0032280430403635e01_dxxx.jpg0751MR0032280430403635E01_DXXX0751MR0032280430403635E01_DXXX - NASA/JPL-CatlTech2014-11-01T15:58:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/09/22/the-never-ending-debate-ken-hams-obsession-with-bill-nye/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/ham-nye-debate-creationism-creation-museum.pngHam-nye-debate-creationism-creation-museumhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/nye-ham-debate-book-creationism.jpgNye-ham-debate-book-creationism2014-10-29T00:32:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/10/28/origin-of-a-new-parasite-tasmanian-devil-transmissible-tumors/2014-10-29T00:25:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/09/species-tasmanian-devil-transmissible-tumors/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tasmanian-devil-cute.jpgTasmanian-devil-cuteAn uninfected Tasmanian Devil. The infected ones look so pathetic I just couldn't post a picture of one of them.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/tasmaniandevil.jpgTasmanianDevil2014-10-28T02:09:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/10/24/fossil-virus-found-in-hamsters-points-to-an-ancient-origin-of-ebola-virus/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ebola_genome2.gifEbola_Genome2Simplified diagram of the Ebola genome. It consists of only 7 gene - pieces of programming. Both the Ebola and Marburg viruses have the same genes in the same order. They, and their different strains, differ in the exact genetic code (AUCGs) that makes up the RNA genome. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/peerj-hamster-ebola-partial-fig1.pngPeerJ-Hamster-ebola-partial-fig1A portion of Fig 1 from ?? et al (2014) showing a relationship tree of gene sequences from strains of Marburg and Ebola virus along with the sequences obtained from voles and hamsters (the blue lines). The length of the line represents the amount of genetic divergence (ie. how many DNA differences there are). Not unexpectedly, the rodent seqences show the most differences since from each other since the virus is nonfunctional and thus there is no natural selection to maintain the fidelity of the sequence in the rodents. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ebola-virus-cdc-image.jpgebola-virus-CDC-imageThe Ebola Virus. Like most viruses, the Ebola virus is not a cell but rather just a protein capsule with a very small genome (a single strand of RNA in this case rather than DNA as found in all "living" things).2014-11-03T21:55:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/10/31/nh-photography-critters-around-our-house-this-fall/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/brown-tree-frog-glass2-ohio2013.jpgbrown-tree-frog-glass2-ohio2013When my kids opened the front door to catch the bus this morning this is what they saw on the outer glass door. This little frog is about 1 1/2 inches long. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/brown-tree-frog-glass-ohio800.jpgbrown-tree-frog-glass-ohio800Brown tree frog on the glass of our front door at 6 am this morning (Oct 31). Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ladybug-grass-fall-2013-ohio800.jpgLadybug-grass--fall-2013-ohio800Ladybug on grass. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ladybug-grass-blue-background1000.jpgLadybug-grass-blue-background1000Ladybug on grass. The blue background here is a blue tarp in the backyard which I use to rake leaves onto. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/wooly-bear-caterpillar-ohio-2013.jpgwoolly-bear-caterpillar-ohio-2013If I am reading my woolly bear caterpillar right it looks like a mild winter coming up. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/toad-grass-backyard-2013-ohio.jpgToad-grass-backyard-2013-ohiohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/moth-window-white1500.jpgMoth-window-white1500This white moth was waiting out the day our the screen on our front window. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/lacewing-sandstone-1700-daytime.jpgLacewing-sandstone-1700-daytimeSeveral lacewings have also taken up residence during the day around our front door. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/moth-sandstone-ohio-2013.jpgmoth-sandstone-ohio-2013Moth on sandstone blocks around our front door. This picture was taken under low-light setting. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/moth-on-sandstone-cyptic-1500.jpgMoth-on-sandstone-cyptic-1500Do you see the moth? Several of these have been "hiding" on the sandstone blocks around my front door the past month. Photo: Joel Duff2014-10-07T16:26:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/30/were-going-on-a-fossil-hunt-to-find-a-herpes-virus/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/endogenous-retrovirus-eve-integration-example.jpgFig1PLoSGeneticsThe right side of this figure shows an example of what to expect when a virus integrates itself into the genome. Once integrated the viral DNA is a part of a host genome and so is passed down from parent to offspring. It may become common in a species and if the species splits into two then both species will have the ancient viral DNA contained in their DNA. I this case it will be obvious that the two rabbit species had a common ancestor more recently than with the third species of rabbit since the third didn't share an ancestor with the viral integration. EVE is an acronym for Endogenous Viral Elements. Figure from Ref 2. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/virus-blue-background.jpgvirus-blue-backgroundhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/hiv-genome-integration-simple-virus-endogenous.pngHIV-genome-integration-simple-virus-endogenousThis HIV virus which causes AIDS in humans integrates its genome directly into the host cells genome. There it can stay dormant for days, months or years before activating and making new viruses. When the later occurs the symptoms of AIDS appear. It is these viruses that integrate there genomes into their hosts genomes that are more likely to become molecular fossils. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/herpes-simplex-virus-structure-capsule-1-and-2.jpgherpes-simplex-virus-structure-capsule-1-and-2The structure of a herpes simplex virus. Like almost all viruses it consists of a coat of proteins surrounding the genetic material. The DNA holds the instructions for how to make all the proteins and assembly them back into a new virus. But the virus can not make a copy of itself without entering into a host cell and getting it to read its DNA and carry out the instructions. All viruses can be thought of as parasites on living cells. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/simple-viral-life-cycle-bacteria.pngsimple-viral-life-cycle-bacteriaSimplified virus life-cycle showing a virus infecting and using a bacteria to make more viruses. The herpes simplex virus is similar. It uses the cell machinery like a parasite to make copies of its self. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/going-on-bear-hunt-rosen-cover.jpggoing-on-bear-hunt-rosen-coverMy poem is an adaption of the children's classic "We're going on a bear hunt" by Michael Rosen. This is one of my daughter's favorite books. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/320px-tarsier-wikipedia-primate.jpg320px-Tarsier-Wikipedia-primateA tarsier primate. Credit: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/herpes-virus-phylogeny-wertheim-2014.pngherpes-virus-phylogeny-wertheim-2014Wertheim et al. 2014, figure 1, comparing HSV phylogeny to primate phylogeny. Original caption: "General pattern of co-divergence for primate herpes simplex viruses and their Simiiforme hosts. Underlined viral taxa indicate phylogenetic incongruence, implying cross-species transmission events. Dashed lines connect virus to host species." 2014-09-14T17:59:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/09/13/nh-photography-fall-insects-from-northeastern-ohio/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/yellow-butterfly-springfieldbog1500.jpgYellow-butterfly-springfieldbog1500https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/viceroy-butterly-1500.jpgviceroy-butterly-1500A viceroy butterfly (not a monarch butterfly)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/caterpillar-springfieldbog1500.jpgCaterpillar-springfieldbog1500https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/butterfly3-church-1400px.jpgbutterfly3-church-1400pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/yellowblack-garden-spider800.jpgyellowblack-garden-spider800Yellow and black common garden spider. The large one is the female and the small spider is the male. The male is rarely seen so I was happy to get this shot and the wrapped up grasshopper was another bonus. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/hickory-tussock-moth-caterpillar.jpgHickory-tussock-moth-caterpillarHickory tussock moth caterpillar on my youngest daughters nose. I took this picture last year but it is one of my favorites.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/large-cranefly-green-ohio-1200px.jpglarge-cranefly-green-ohio-1200pxLarge cranefly (6 inches)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/grasshopper-boettler-park-1800px.jpggrasshopper-boettler-park-1800pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/echinacea-bee-purple-coneflower-ohio-1800px.jpgEchinacea-bee-purple-coneflower-ohio-1800pxBee on Echinacea purpurea (Purple Coneflower)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/milkweedbugs-immature-fall-800px.jpgmilkweedbugs-immature-fall-800pxImmature milkweed bugs2014-09-14T17:03:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/25/juvenile-dinosaur-fossils-nest-testimony-to-rapid-burial-but-not-by-a-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/dino-eggsfromchina.jpgdino-eggsfromchinaDinosaur eggs found together in what was likely a nest. Eggs like this have been found in clutches all around the world. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/dinobabyfossils.jpgDinoBabyFossils2017-04-20T02:29:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/06/nh-notes-creationist-influence-on-biblical-study-tools/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/behemoth-strongs-blbsmall.jpgbehemoth-strongs-BLBSmallhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/behemoth-strongs-blb.pngbehemoth-strongs-BLBScreenshot of the Blue Letter Bible entry on the word "behemoth" which is used only once in the book of Jobhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/after-its-kind-blb-strongs.pngAfter-its-kind-BLB-StrongsScreenshot of the Blue Letter Bible entry on the word "kind"2014-09-02T16:41:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/28/nh-notes-fossilization-caught-in-the-act-a-mammoth-from-texas/2014-09-01T18:25:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/31/juvenile-dinosaurs-found-huddling-in-a-nest-a-local-or-global-catastrophe/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/dino-nests-global-flood-formatoin.jpgdino-nests-global-flood-formatoinThis is a figure from a creationists book showing how dino nests may have been preserved in a global flood. In our example here, those eggs would also have to be incubated for probably weeks and then the young dinos grew for weeks after that before then being buried by the rising waters.2018-07-12T15:42:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/24/the-age-of-the-reptiles-a-new-dinosaur-fossil-trackway-near-moab/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/dinosaur-tracks-colorado-river-moab.jpgDinosaur-tracks-colorado-river-moabThe larger context for the picture above. The rock with the footprints is on the slope to the right. This cliff overlooks the Colorado River just west of Moab UT. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/moab-dinosaur-footprints-graham-colorado-river.jpgMoab-dinosaur-footprints-graham-colorado-riverDinosaur footprints on a block of rock that became dislodged from higher above. Two of my boys are serve as size references. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/3-d-photography-moab-trackways-blm.jpgDinosaur TracksIn this undated photo provided by the Bureau of Land Management, Brent Breithaupt, a BLM paleontologist, left, and Neffra Matthews, a BLM photogrammetry specialist, photograph the dinosaur track site for 3-D documentation north of Moab, Utah. A dry wash full of 112-million-year-old dinosaur tracks are set to be opened to the public this fall near Moab. (AP Photo/The Bureau of Land Management)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/moab-dino-tracks-blm-preparation.jpgDinosaur TracksBLM employees and other volunteers sweeping away sediments to explore more tracks at this newly discovered site north of Moab UT. Image: BLM2014-08-24T20:15:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/03/07/dna-from-fossil-canine-skull-confirmation-of-an-ancient-domesticated-dog/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/565px-black_and_white_wolves-wikipedia.jpg565px-Black_and_White_Wolves-wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/plosone-33kyr-dog-wolf.pngPLOSone-33kyr-dog-wolfdkdkdkd dkdkd kdkdkd dkd dkd dkd dkdk dk2014-08-15T02:55:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/05/ken-hams-aversion-to-life-on-other-planets-part-i-what-is-life/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/cambrian-sea-reconstruction.jpgcambrian-sea-reconstructionIs this alien life? It may look alien to you but this is a reconstruction of life on our own planet from the Cambrian Period based on fossils found. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/plants-concrete.jpgplants-concretehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/what-is-life-a-guide-to-biology-prep-u-phelan-jay-9781464107207.jpgWhat-Is-Life-a-Guide-to-Biology-Prep-U-Phelan-Jay-9781464107207Cover of the text I use in my non-majors biology class.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/silurian-reconstruction-rb.jpgsilurian-reconstruction-rbSilurian Sea reconstruction by Richard Bizley: http://www.bizleyart.com/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/life-wikipedia-plants.jpglife-wikipedia-plantsPlants - Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/life_on_mars.jpglife_on_marsNo one is expecting to find this on Mars. At best a "simple" life form like a bacteria is possible. But is that "life" and how would that impact our view of life on earth? https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/species-described.gifspecies-describedThe number of described vertebrates is very small compared to all other species. It is estimated that 95% of all species are yet to be described but very few of them would be vertebrates and so the percentage of vertebrate species on earth must be less than 1% of all species. 2014-08-08T03:27:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/08/07/plants-biblical-definition-of-life-ken-ham-partii/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/voynich-aster-plant-manuscript.jpgvoynich-aster-plant-manuscriptA plant? from the Voynich manuscript written in the 15th century. Was the author thinking of alien worlds when he wrote and illustrated this book? The book has defied translation and interpretation since its discovery. The plants are so bizarre we would be hard-pressed to imagine anything more alien today. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/voynich-plants-manuscript2.jpgVoynich-plants-manuscript2Plants? from the Voynich manuscript from the 15th century. The meaning of the images and text are still unknown. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/framework-two-triads-genesis-interpretation.gifframework-two-triads-genesis-interpretationThe two triad construction of Genesis 12014-08-08T01:06:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/05/william-buckland-minister-and-geologist-grappling-with-fossil-feces-deep-time-and-the-age-of-reptiles/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/william-buckland-fossil-faeces-coprolites.jpgwilliam-buckland-fossil-faeces-coprolitesFigure from: "On the discovery of coprolites, or fossil faeces, in the lias at Lyme Regis, and in other formations“, Transactions of the Geological Society of London, series 2, vol. 3: 223–236 (1835). William Bucklandhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/duria_antiquior-painting-age-reptiles-buckland-anning.jpgDuria_Antiquior-painting-age-reptiles-buckland-anningDuria Antiquior - A more Ancient Dorset is a watercolour painted in 1830 by the geologist Henry De la Beche based on fossils found by Mary Anning, and was the first pictorial representation of a scene from deep time based on fossil evidence. Image: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/buckland-coprolite-table.jpgbuckland-coprolite-tableBuckland's coprolite table. Cut coprolites have been polished to produce this table top. The table resides in the Lyme Regis Museum. Image from: http://subhumanfreak.blogspot.com/2009/08/sea-dragons-of-avalon.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/kinkdale-cave-buckland.jpgkinkdale-cave-bucklandEntrance to Kirkdale cave today. Image source: http://www.docbrown.info/docspics/helmsley/hspage15.htmhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/william_buckland-220px.jpgWilliam_Buckland-220pxWilliam Buckland 1784-1856.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/buckland-hyena-cave-conybeare-kirkdale.jpgBuckland-hyena-cave-conybeare-kirkdaleAn interpretive drawing of William Buckland crawling into Kirkdale Cave where he found extinct cave hyenas and the remains of their prey. Drawn by Buckland’s friend William Conybeare.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/history-deep-time-slide.jpgHistory-deep-time-slideA slide from a recent presentation outlining the major events and people I intended to discuss. William Buckland lived at a time in which the implication of the discovery of deep time and fossil order were being debated. Image: Joel Duff2014-07-16T14:20:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/07/16/nh-quotes-diluvialist-response-to-the-kirkdale-hyena-cave-buckland-geology-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/athanasius-kirchur-flood-diluvium-noah-ark.jpgAthanasius-Kirchur-flood-diluvium-noah-arkFrom Athanasius Kirchur 1675. Diluvii ante diminutionem aquarum status in diluvio universali - See more at: http://search.getty.edu/gateway/search?q=Kircher,%20Athanasius&cat=&rows=50&srt=d&dir=s&dsp=0&img=0&pg=1#sthash.yhfrCaIt.dpufhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/conversationsongeologybookcover.jpgconversationsonGeologybookcover2014-07-16T21:42:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/04/flying-squirrels-mysterious-noises-in-my-attic-finally-explained/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/northern-flying-squirrel-3.jpgNORTHERN-FLYING-SQUIRREL-3https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/flying-squirrel.jpgflying-squirrelA flying squirrel showing off its gliding ability. Notice the flattened tail that can act like a rudder.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/southern-flying-squirrel.jpgsouthern-flying-squirrelSouthern flying squirrel. The whitish fur covers the skin that expands to form the "wings" https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/attic-flying-squirrel-caught.jpgattic-flying-squirrel-caughtNow isn't that cute! Notice the large eyes which is the first hint that this is a nocturnal mammal. It isn't easy to make out but you can probably see that it has a flattened tail. This helps it to glide. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/sciuridae-squirel-family-wikipedia.jpgSciuridae-squirel-family-wikipediaRepresentatives of the squirrel family. Image credit: wikipedia2014-07-15T17:46:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/07/12/nh-notes-bent-rock-on-display-the-sideling-hill-road-cut/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/loughshinny_folds-rock-bent-wikipedia1.jpgLoughshinny_folds-rock-bent-wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/cropped-loughshinny_folds-rock-bent-wikipedia.jpgcropped-loughshinny_folds-rock-bent-wikipedia.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/sideling-road-cut-i68-maryland-northside1600px.jpgSideling-road-cut-I68-Maryland-NorthSide1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/folds-faults-syncline-antecline-thrust.jpgfolds-faults-syncline-antecline-thrustRock folding caused by compression resulting from continents pushing against each other. The folds and thrust faults shown here are seen all over the central Pennsylvania region and into West Virginia and Maryland including Sideline Hill which is a syncline. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-hill-road-cut-i68-maryland-strata-1600px.jpgSideling-hill-road-cut-I68-Maryland-strata-1600pxMany layers of rock dip down on the west side of Sideling Hill. Image: Joel Duff https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-road-cut-i70-maryland.jpgSideling-road-cut-I70-MarylandA view of the Sideline Hill road cut on I-68 from I-70 near Hancock MD about 7 miles away. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-road-cut-i68-maryland-closeupnorthc1600px.jpgSideling-road-cut-I68-Maryland-CloseupNorthC1600pxOn the eastern side of the road cut you can clearly see the bending of the layers of rock layers. The vertical lines are drill marks for setting explosives. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-road-cut-i68-maryland-closeupnorthb1600px.jpgSideling-road-cut-I68-Maryland-CloseupNorthB1600pxBands of conglomerate rock, shales and coal are seen in the close-up of the Sideling Hill road cut. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-road-cut-i68-maryland-closeupnorth1600px.jpgSideling-road-cut-I68-Maryland-CloseupNorth1600pxA portion of the western side of the Sideling Hill road cut on the north side of the road. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sideling-road-cut-i68-maryland-center1600px.jpgSideling-road-cut-I68-Maryland-Center1600pxThis picture was taken from the center of a pedestrian bridge that crosses the freeway connecting parking lots on both sides. Image: Joel Duff2016-08-22T18:41:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/07/08/exceptional-dinosaur-tracksite-in-denali-national-park-reveals-herd-of-hadrosaurs/2014-07-09T20:40:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/07/07/the-earth-on-show-encountering-lost-worlds-through-fossil-remains/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/young-mammouth-philadelphia-1821.jpgYoung-mammouth-philadelphia-1821A "Young Mammouth" unearthed by Charles Willson Peale on display at the Philadelphia museum in 1821. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/jurassic-park-apatosaurus.pngjurassic-park-apatosaurusScene from Universal Studios Jurassic Park. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/william_buckland_c1845.jpgWilliam_Buckland_c1845William Buckland around 1845. Image: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/trimmer-practical-geology-1841-frontpiece-ages-epocs.jpgTrimmer-practical-geology-1841-frontpiece-ages-epocsEngraving entitled "Conditions of the terraqueous surface as to Vegetation and Vertebrated Animals during four remarkable Geological Epochs. Engraving by John Whichelo for Joshua Trimmer's textbook Practical Geology. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/the-earth-on-show-cover-fossils-poetics-popular-science.jpgthe-earth-on-show-cover-fossils-poetics-popular-science2014-07-07T17:54:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/26/pit-of-bones-spain-human-origins-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/huesos-hominid-bones.jpghuesos-hominid-bonesSome of the hominid bones recovered from The Pit of Boneshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sima-denisovan-neanderthal-mtdna-phylogeny-science.pngsima-denisovan-neanderthal-mtDNA-phylogeny-scienceA comparison of the amount of similarity in mitochondrial DNA between individual humans, Neanderthals and other fossils. Fig. 7. Nature (2013) doi:10.1038/nature12788 A mitochondrial genome sequence of a hominin from Sima de los Huesos. Matthias Meyer et al. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sima-de-los-huesos-pit-bones-excavation.gifSima-de-los-Huesos-pit-bones-excavationFig. 3. The Pit of Bones excavation in progress since 1997https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/sima-de-los-huesospre.jpgSima-de-los-HuesosPREFig. 2. Excavation in a portion of The Pit of Bones in Spain. Image from: http://www.diariouno.com.ar/mundo/Hallaron-el-ADN-mas-antiguo-del-pariente-humano--20131204-0118.html 2014-06-29T05:57:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/19/dinosaurs-dragons-and-ken-ham-the-literal-reality-of-mythological-creatures/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/jurassic-park-raptor-claw.jpgJurassic-Park-Raptor-ClawA raptor claw as shown in this screen shot from the movie Jurassic Park.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/dinosaur-jaw-morocco.jpgDinosaur-jaw-moroccoJawbone of a dinosaur with teeth from the Moroccan desert. This specimen has been prepared and the teeth likely straightened or replaced but nontheless jaws with teeth such as this are not uncommon finds and would evoke a natural desire to wonder what the organism looked like that had such large teeth. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fire-breathing-dragon-billboard.jpgfire-breathing-dragon-billboardAdvertising the fire-breathing dragon at the Creation Museum. It isn't just that dragons existed but Ham's literalism leads to their being literally having fire-breathing abilities. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/first-fossil-hunters-major.jpgFirst-fossil-hunters-Majorsshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/velociraptor-claw-ebay.jpgvelociraptor-claw-ebayImagine finding a claw like this and not knowing what a fossil is. You would naturally assocciate it with a living animal that you din't know much about or had heard stories about. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mastodon-skull-cyclops.jpgMastodon-skull-cyclopsA mastodon skull. Notice, the hole in the center of the skull. This is where the large trunk (nose) was inserted. A skull like this seems likely to be the source of legends of cyclops. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fossil-proceratops-griffen.jpgFossil-proceratops-griffenConservator Felicity Bolton with a Protoceratops skull at the Fossil Folklore exhibition at the Walter Rothschild Zoological Museum, Tring.2014-06-26T17:30:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/18/geological-context-iv-the-pit-of-bones-an-ancient-death-chamber/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/homo-hiederbergensis-artistic-depiction.jpgHomo-hiederbergensis-artistic-depictionArtistic depiction of Homo heidelbergensis hominids whose bones are found in The Pit of Bones.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/sima-de-los-huesos-cave-system.pngsima de los huesos-cave-systemCave system showing where the railroad cut is (yellow) and the position of Sima de lo Huesos in the larger cave.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/atapuerca-caves-cueva-mayor-site.jpgAtapuerca-caves-cueva-Mayor-siteAn ariel shot of the railway line that cuts through this hill. The roofs mark where archaeological digs are occurring where the cave is exposed. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/sima-de-los-huesos-profile-hominin-bones.pngSima-de-los-huesos-profile-hominin-bonesFig. 1. Drawing of the Sima del los Huesos (the pit of bones) cave. The vertical shaft. The figure is from Arsuaga et al. "Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), The Site" JHE 33 (1997): 109-127. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/sima-de-los-huesos-profile-fossils.pngSima-de-los-huesos-profile-fossilsA cross section of the pit of bones showing where excavations have taken place and the contents of the layers of sediments. Figure is from Arsuaga et al "Sima de los Huesos (Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain), The site" J. Human Evolution 1997, 33:109-127. 2014-06-26T03:34:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/12/kirkdale-cave-hyena-coprolite-challenge-young-earth-buckland/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/north_yorkshire_uk_locator_map_2010.pngNorth_Yorkshire_UK_locator_map_2010North Yorkshire a county in England where Kirkdale Cave is located.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ice_age_fauna_of_northern_spain_-_mauricio_antc3b3n-wiki.jpgIce_age_fauna_of_northern_Spain_-_Mauricio_Antón-WikiThe image depicts a late Pleistocene landscape in northern Spain with woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius), equids, a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis), and European cave lions (Panthera leo spelaea) with a reindeer carcass. Image credit: Mauricio-Ant2014-07-27T17:22:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/08/28/salt-ocean-sea-age-earth-young-confirmation-bias/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/salt-crystals.jpgsalt-crystalshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/ocean-salinity-sea-salt.jpgocean-salinity-sea-saltA map of the surface salinity of the worlds oceans and seas. Reds indicate the highest salinity while blues the lowest. Lakes such as the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea have the highest salt content of any lakes and salt crystals form in these waters and fall the bottom creating hundreds and in the case of the Dead Sea thousand of feet of salt layers below the lakes. 2014-06-24T03:15:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/12/nh-notes-discovery-of-a-marine-reptile-fossil-trackway/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/fryx-museum-small-nothosaur-fossil.jpgFryx-Museum-small-Nothosaur-fossilA small nothosaur fossil displayed at the Fryx Museum in ??? Indiana. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/tracks-nothosaur-china-closeup-imprint.jpgtracks-nothosaur-china-closeup-imprintClose-up of a few of the Nothosaur prints in a newly pried open slab of rock. Image: PR from Bristol University and China Geological Surveyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/searex_nothosaur-animation-marine-reptile.jpgSeaRex_Nothosaur-animation-marine-reptileAn artistic rendereing of the "Sea-rex" Nothosaur. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/excavation-nothosaur-tracks-china.jpgExcavation-nothosaur-tracks-chinaExcavation site of Nothosaur fossil tracks in China. Image from Center of China Geological Surveyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/nothosaur-reconstruction-source-unknown.jpgNothosaur-reconstruction-source-unknownNothosaur - a marine reptile with webbed feet, elongated jaw and long tail.2014-06-23T10:41:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/19/nh-photography-dragonflies-of-the-north-carolina-coast/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/light-blue-dragonfly-green-head-1600px.jpglight-blue-dragonfly-green-head-1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/orange-wings-dragonfly-close-up.jpgOrange-wings-dragonfly-close-uphttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/red-dragonfly-whaleheadwalk1600.jpgred-dragonfly-whaleheadwalk1600https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/golden-dragonflies-dunegrass-outerbanks1600px.jpggolden-dragonflies-dunegrass-outerbanks1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/red-orange-dragonfly-dunes-outer-banks1600px.jpgRed-orange-dragonfly-dunes-outer-banks1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/blue-green-head-yellow-spot-dragonfly1600px.jpgblue-green-head-yellow-spot-dragonfly1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/blue-dragonfly-north-carolina-1600px.jpgBlue-dragonfly-north-carolina-1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/golden-dragonfly-close-1700px.jpggolden-dragonfly-close-1700pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/red-dragonfly-naturalhistorian-1600px.jpgred-dragonfly-naturalhistorian-1600pxDragonfly in the Currituck Banks Reserve, Corolla, NC, June 2014. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/yellow-black-dragonfly-1600px.jpgYellow-black-dragonfly-1600pxDragonfly in the Currituck Banks Reserve, Corolla, NC, June 2014. Image: Joel Duff2014-06-23T10:39:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/17/progressive-creationism-whales-origins-creation-evolution/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/killer-whale.jpgkiller-whalehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/whale-fossil-egypt.jpgwhale-fossil-egyptA 40 million year old whale fossil from "whale valley" in Egypt not far from Cairo. Here hundreds of whales fossils lie exposed in this wind eroded valley. These whales where large headed toothed whales that are not alive today. This is just one example of hundreds of locations where whale fossils may be found and are often very complete (AFP/File/Cris Bouroncle)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/smoothtree_sm.gifsmoothtree_smThis illustration Progressive creationism is the religious belief that God created new forms of life gradually, over a period of hundreds of millions of years. As a form of old Earth creationism, it accepts mainstream geological and cosmological estimates for the age of the Earth, but posits that the new "kinds" of plants and animals that have appeared successively over the planet's history represent instances of God creating new types of organisms by divine intervention. Progressive creationists generally reject macroevolution because they believe it to be biologically untenable and not supported by the fossil record,[not verified in body] and they generally reject the concept of universal descent from a last universal common ancestor. Thus they reject the scientific consensus regarding the evidence for evolution.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/ukogorterposterwhales-world.jpgUkoGorterPosterWhales-WorldThe cetaceans of the world (88 total here) showing their size. Note the human swimmer for size comparison. This was illustrated by Uko Gorter and can be purchased as a poster at http://acsonline.org/shop-acs/whales-of-the-world-poster/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/extant-cetaceans-species.pngExtant-cetaceans-speciesSize comparison of all known extant cetacean species. Note the human diver at lower right for scale. Source: Chris Huh2015-11-02T21:23:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/06/04/nh-notes-fossils-in-my-office/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/crinoids-rock-ordivician-duff800.jpgCrinoids-rock-ordivician-duff800Ordovician Period limestone from Kentucky.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/crinoids-ordivician-cincinatti-limestone-duff1200.jpgcrinoids-ordivician-cincinatti-limestone-Duff1200Close-up of Ordovician Period limestone just south of Cincinnati in Kentucky overlooking the Ohio River. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/fossil-coral-closeup-1000.jpgFossil-coral-closeup-1000Close-up of fossilized coral.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/annularia-calamites-leaves-fossil-wv1200b.jpgAnnularia-calamites-leaves-fossil-WV1200bAnnularia/Calamites leaf fossils up close. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/petrified-wood-colorado-eocene.jpgPetrified-wood-colorado-EoceneSliced section of Eocene aged petrified wood from Colorado. A high school student gave this to me as a gift for allowing him to use my lab to perform a science fair project.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/tree-fern-fossil-leaves-1200.jpgtree-fern-fossil-leaves-1200Tree fern leaves from coal beds in West Virginia. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/fossil-coral-cs900px.jpgFossil-coral-cs900pxA fossil coral cross section. This is from Indiana but I don't know where. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ordivician-limestone800-shells-crinoids.jpgordivician-limestone800-shells-crinoidsShells and crinoids stems in a piece of Ordivician period limestone from Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/calamites-drawing.gifcalamites-drawingCalamites drawing showing the features of this extinct plant. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/calamites-stem-pennsylavanian-wv1000.jpgCalamites-stem-pennsylavanian-WV1000Calamites stem close-up. Image: Joel Duff2014-06-09T21:00:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/03/30/fossil-cocoons-wasps-dinosaur-eggs-ecology-parasites/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/dinoegg-wasp-cocoons-sarzetti.jpgdinoegg-wasp-cocoons-sarzettiSeveral fossilized wasp cocoons visible here in this titanosaurus egg. Image: SARZETTI (co-author of the paper describing this finding)2014-05-19T01:02:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/05/06/nh-notes-an-ode-to-coprology-buckland/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/shark-coprolite-tapeworm-eggs.jpgShark-coprolite-tapeworm-eggsThis stone is a shark coprolite that when cut open was found to contain fossilized tapeworm eggs. From https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/coprolite-color.jpgcoprolite-colorCross section of a corprolitehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/parasite-eggs-shark-coprolite.jpgparasite-eggs-shark-coproliteEggs of a tapeworm fossilized inside a 270 million year old shark coprolite. 2014-05-11T13:16:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/21/the-history-of-a-asteroid-family/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/innersolarsystemasteroidbelt.pngInnerSolarSystemAsteroidBeltThe asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It looks quite dense but most asteroids are small and separated by millions of miles of space accept for clusters of asteroids which we recognize as families which are groups of asteroids much closer together. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/asteroidbreakup.jpgAsteroidBreakupArtist conception of the breakup of an asteroid into separate family members. 2014-05-11T03:28:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/04/04/elusive-bird-leptin-finding-missing-hormone/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/peregrine-falcon.jpgPeregrine-falconA peregrine falcon. Thanks to two rich Saudi princes two falcons have had their genomes sequenced. It was in one of these falcon genomes that we first identified the leptin gene. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/leptin_protein-cartoon.jpgleptin_protein-cartoonSimplified model of a leptin protein. The amino acids identified as especially important ones because they bind to the leptin receptor. The helices are formed by long strings of amino acids buts since there are many combinations of amino acids that make a helix there are many different combinations of original DNA sequence that can make this structure. We use computers to model proteins and see how they differ from known leptin structures like this human leptin structure. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/fig1plosone2014avianleptin.pngFig1PlosOne2014AvianleptinFigure one from our paper on avian leptin. A shows the genetic relationships of leptins from various animals including the new bird leptins. This visually shows that the bird letpin is not like any other vertebrate leptins and are most similar to reptiles. B, on the right shows the genomic neighborhood of leptin in two mammals and two birds showing that leptin in birds is located in the same position as it is in human. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/perigrinetreeml8-16-13.pngPerigrineTreeML8.16.13A tree showing genetic similarity of leptin sequences for representatives of all vertebrate groups and the newly discovered falcon leptin sequence. Notice that the falcon sequence shows up as most similar (closest to) the alligator which is what we predicted we would see. As a side note you may notice that the coelacanth leptin is very very similar to the amphibian leptins rather than to fish even though coelacanths are fish. Again this is not suprising since they are members of the lobefin fish that have been thought of as the probable ancestors of land animals and here we see that these fish have "land animal" like sequences compared to other fish. 2014-04-22T02:46:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/04/03/elusive-avian-bird-leptin-hormone-discovery/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/carp-human-leptin-structure-frontiers2012.jpgCarp-human-leptin-structure-Frontiers2012Simple model of human and carp (fish) leptin protein structure. Carp has two copies of leptin in its genome which differ in their primary DNA sequence but make similar proteins. This is from our paper in Frontiers in Physiology (reference 5).https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/leptin-amino-acid-aligment-fish-frontiers2011.jpgleptin-amino-acid-aligment-fish-frontiers2011Alignment of leptin protein sequences from fish, amphibians and mammals. This is the alignment that a generated in 2011 to produce the tree shown earlier. You will need to click on the file to see the details but the fish are clearly very different than mammals and if I showed DNA sequences you would probably not believe that these are the same gene or that I had any reason to think these sequences were aligned properly. I have since made what I think is a much better alignment for the current paper based on our better knowledge of the structure. This alignment was published in Frontiers of Physiology (Reference 5).https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/figure6-leptin-protein-model.jpgFigure6-leptin-protein-modelMolecular models of binding site II in mouse leptin. (A) Molecular surface map of leptin, coloured according to surface hydrophobicity (blue, hydrophilic; green, hydrophobic). A hydrophobic cleft is formed by residues L13, L86, L89 and F92. (B) Residues in binding site II that affect binding to CRH2 are coloured yellow. Residues in binding site II that affect both binding to CRH2 and LR activation are coloured orange. (C) Residues that become buried in the leptin/CRH2 interface, coloured according to the area that becomes buried (cyan, 50 Å2). Iserentant H et al. J Cell Sci 2005;118:2519-2527 https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/leptin-gene-phylogeny-frontiers-2012.jpgleptin-gene-phylogeny-frontiers-2012Phylogenetic tree emphasizing fish sequences of leptin known at the time. I produced this figure for a review paper published in 2011. The lenghts of the branches generally equal the total amount of genetic difference of leptins in each animal. Many fish have two copies of the leptin gene (A and B or I and II) which you can see are quite different from one another.. Figure from reference # 4). https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/fat-mouse-leptin-mutation.jpgFat-mouse-leptin-mutationThe mouse on the left is unable to make leptin. Given the same diet as the mouse on the left it will become obese. Credit: Wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/mice-leptin-ob-mutation.gifmice-Leptin-ob-mutationThe mouse on the right has a defect in its leptin gene and so can't make the leptin hormone. The mouse on the left has normally functioning leptin. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/pr09_ch05_bonedensity_mice-leptin-deficient.jpgPR09_CH05_BoneDensity_mice-leptin-deficientBone density scans showing difference in body composition in wild-type (left panel) and leptin-deficient (right panel) mice. (Sebastian Bouret, Ph.D. / University of Southern California)2014-04-04T16:37:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/01/26/t-rex-tiny-arms-why-historical-science-creaitonism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/geological-ages-fossils-dinosaurs-floweringplants.jpgGeological-ages-fossils-dinosaurs-floweringplantsAbove is shown the general appearance of fossils in the geological column. You can see that dinosaurs are found in strata that bridge the first appearance of flowering plants. The evidence for flowering plants in coprolites of dinosaurs also exhibit the same pattern. Image credit: J. Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/dinosaurs-tower-babel-humans-eden-ken-ham.jpgDinosaurs-tower-babel-humans-eden-ken-hamAnother image from a page of Ken Ham's "DInosaurs in Eden." In this case we are being shown a scene not only after Eden but after Noah's flood at the time of the tower of Babel. Here he is depicting friendly Tyranasaurus-like dinosaurs as tamed beasts living in harmony with people. The implication here is that 400 years after the flood dinosaurs where still living with people. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/ken-ham-dinosaur-book-garden-eden.jpgken-ham-dinosaur-book-garden-edenAn scan of a page from Ken Ham's "Dinosaurs in Eden" book. Here we can see Tyranosaurus-like dinosaurs with small arms enjoying a diet of flower plants. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/dinosaur-coprolite-small2.jpgDinosaur-coprolite-small2Another fossil dinosaur coprolite from Utah. Many are prized by gemstone carvers because of the minerals that form in them during the fossilization process. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/dinosaur-coprolite-small.jpgDinosaur-coprolite-smallA dinosaur coprolite found in Utah that was for sale on Ebay.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/t-rex-replica-person-scale-dinosaur.jpgT-rex-replica-person-scale-dinosaurhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/t-rex-skeleton-short-arms-dinosaur.jpgt-rex-skeleton-short-arms-dinosaurA T-rex skeleton showing again showing the small arms. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/t-rex-nc-zoo-dinosaur-short-arms.jpgT-rex-nc-zoo-dinosaur-short-armsA Tyranasaurus rex model at the North Carolina Zoo. The diminutive arms of the T. rex are clearly displayed. 2016-01-03T03:38:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/03/17/historical-science-and-the-case-of-t-rexs-puny-arms-and-dinosaur-diets/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/shartman-theropod-drawings.pngShartman- theropod-drawingsReconstructions of some other theropod dinosaurs showing that many others also had puny arms. 2014-04-26T12:37:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/03/06/ancient-dna-comes-to-life-giant-virus-resurrected-from-siberian-permafrost/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pithovirus-megavirus-siberia-permafrost-giant.jpgPithovirus-megavirus-siberia-permafrost-giantPithovirus. Credit: Julia Bartoli & Chantal Abergelhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/pithovirus-megavirus-siberia-permafrost.jpgPithovirus-megavirus-siberia-permafrostPithovirus capsule as seen by scanning electron micrope. Credit: Julia Bartoli & Chantal Abergel (two authors of the paper describing this virus)2014-03-07T00:11:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/11/29/invoking-super-speed-evolution-how-to-squeeze-10000-bird-species-onto-noahs-ark/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/penguin-diversity-16-species.pngpenguin-diversity-16-speciesPictures of most of the living species of penguins. Young earth creationists consider these all to be members of the same "kind" and thus all of these evolved from a common ancestor. Image credit: Wikipedia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/bird_diversity_2013-wikipedia.pngBird_Diversity_2013-wikipediaRepresentatives of various groups of birds. Young earth creationists would consider each of these different kinds and thus created separately from one another even if none of them looked like this in the original creation. Image from Wikipedia. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/southern_cassowary-wikepedia.jpgSouthern_Cassowary-wikepediaA flightless bird, the cassowary from Australia. Image from Wikipedia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/emu-wild-wikepedia.jpgEmu-wild-wikepediaWild emu from Australia. Image from Wikipedia. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/galliform-tree-d-naish-turkeys-chickens.jpggalliform-tree-D-Naish-turkeys-chickensSubstantially simplified segment of gamebird phylogeny based on the topology recovered by Bonilla et al. (2010): the key thing to note is that turkeys and peafowl belong to different clades. Images by Naish (Meleagris), in public domain (Afropavo), or licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported (Footwarrior: Lophura; Bjørn Christian Tørrissen: Chrysolophus; Doug Janson: Tragopan; Dinesh Kannambadi: Pavo; Dante Alighieri: Polyplectron) and 2.0 (Gary Noon: Phasianus; David Galavan: Perdix; Lip Kee Yap: Gallus) and 2.5 Generic (André Karwath: Coturnix) licenses.2018-03-05T11:59:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/01/historical-creation-view-%e2%80%93-part-4-the-meaning-of-formless-and-void/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/venusplanet.jpgVenusPlanetThe planet Venus. What would "formless and void" look like? Certainly there is form here.2014-03-04T14:36:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/06/historical_creationism_part5_pentateuch_covenant/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/gardenofedenpainting.jpgGardenofEdenPainting"Garden of Eden" by Erastus Salisbury Field2014-03-04T14:36:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/28/the-ark-encounter-lives-ken-ham-aig-finances/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/ark-encounter-grounds.jpgArk-Encounter-GroundsThe contrustion of the Ark is just one part of a large Ark Enounter park that will include many other future attractions. The current funds allow the start of construction of phase I. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/aig-1099-donations-revenues.pngAIG-1099-Donations-revenuesAIG 2009 1099K form showing total revenues and donations for past years. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/area_ark-artist-design-ken-ham-genesis.jpgarea_ark-artist-design-ken-ham-genesisArtist conception of the Ark exhibit at the Ark Adventure. I assume the palm trees are not planned for Kentucky. Image from AIG Ark Aventure site. 2014-03-01T16:19:29+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/06/23/fossil-reef-falls-ohio-road-cut-kentucky/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/falls-of-the-ohio-state.jpgfalls-of-the-ohio-stateAn image from above the state park showing the extent of the exposure of the coral reef rocks. Image: http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/6d/17/78/falls-of-the-ohio-state.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/dsc_3426.jpgRoad cut on exit off of I71 in Kentuckyd dkd dkd dkd dkkdkhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/falls-ohio-fossil-coral-reef.jpgfalls-ohio-fossil-coral-reefddkd dkd dk dk https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/kentucky-fine-sandstone-banding-roadcut.jpgKentucky-fine-sandstone-sandstone-banding-roadcutAbove those thin layers of limestone is this much thicker layer of fine-grain sandstone. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/sandstone-pancake-shells-fossil-layer.jpgSandstone-pancake-shells-fossil-layerA close-up of one of the thin layers of fragile fossil bearing rock that lies between thick (several feet) layers of sandstone with very few or no fossils. This thin layer can be seen running hundreds of feet along the rock wall varying little in thickness. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/roadcut-kentucky-i71-sandstone-fossil-layer.jpgRoadcut-kentucky-I71-sandstone-fossil-layerJust around the corner this wall of rock is what sits above the layers of fossil-bearing rock pictured above. This harder sandstone has thin layers of rock loaded with fossil shells embedded in it. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/kentucky-roadcut-fossils-i71.jpgKentucky-roadcut-fossils-I71Here is a road cut just off of I71 in Kentucky just northeast of Louisville. Here there are about 25 feet of hundreds of thin layers of rock most of which are loaded with marine fossils. Image: Joel Duff. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/falls-ohio-fossil-reef-layers-above.jpgfalls-ohio-fossil-reef-layers-aboveIn the foreground is the main section of fossil reef. Here you can see that above this fossil reef are many layers of other rocks. These rocks include some less pristine coral reefhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/fossil-coral-reef-layers-falls-ohio.jpgfossil-coral-reef-layers-falls-ohioHere we see layers of fossil reef showing progressionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/large-coral-fossil-falls-ohio.jpgLarge-coral-fossil-falls-ohioA spectacular fossil coral up-close showing the fine detail that is preserved in the fossilization process. Image credit: Joel Duff. Click image to get much closer.2016-06-13T11:07:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/07/08/doggerland-sea-level-rise-human-migration-dispersal-creationism-ice-age/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/doggerland-map-nature-2008.jpgDoggerland-map-nature-2008https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/florida-coast-ice-age.jpgFlorida-coast-ice-ageGeneralized coast of Florida during the Ice Age. If the water was just 50 feet lower it would almost double the area from this to the east. There are many Clovis-Indian and other very ancient Indian sites found under 100+ feet of water in the Gulf of Mexico in areas that would have been dry land during the height of the last ice age. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/doggerland-uk-denmark-ice-age.jpgDoggerland-UK-Denmark-ice-ageMap showing some research sites on and around Great Britain but most importantly showing what area (in red) would have been above sea level during the last Ice Age when sea levels were 350 to 400 feet lower than they are today. (Image from the article: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2167731/Britains-Atlantis-North-sea--huge-undersea-kingdom-swamped-tsunami-5-500-years-ago.html)2014-02-17T11:52:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/13/nh-notes-a-fossil-scallop-from-calvert-cliffs-md/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/salisbury-embayment.pngsalisbury embaymentAproximate area covered by shallow ocean in the past. This embayment would have been very shallow. Redrawn by Sandy Rodgers from figures in Clark et al. 2004https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scallop-edges800px.jpgscallop-edges800pxClose-up of the ridges of the fossil scallophttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scallop-calvert-cliffs-closeup-ridges.jpgscallop-calvert-cliffs-closeup-ridgeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scallop-closeup-ridges-2000px.jpgscallop-closeup-ridges-2000pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/barnacle-scallop-side1000px.jpgbarnacle-scallop-side1000pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scallop-barnacles-calvert-cliffs.jpgscallop-barnacles-calvert-cliffsTop side of the same scallop as above showing several large barnacles attached. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/scallop-calvert-cliffs-1000px.jpgscallop-calvert-cliffs-1000pxLarge scallop collected by a friend from Calvert Cliffs in Maryland. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calvert-cliff-fossils-shells.jpgcalvert-cliff-fossils-shellsShells in the cliff wall at Calvert Cliffs along the western shore in Maryland. This and many other images of shells from this location can be found here: http://home.comcast.net/~rdchdwck/fossils/cenozoic/calvert_cliffs.htmhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/calvert-cliffs.jpgCalvert CliffsCalvert Cliffs along the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. http://camano130.blogspot.com/2010/05/family-and-friends-through-maryland.html2019-12-31T18:06:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/29/nh-photography-frosty-window/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window4.jpgfrosty-window4https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window-closeup1000px.jpgfrosty-window-closeup1000pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window-1000px.jpgfrosty-window-1000pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window3-1600px.jpgfrosty-window3-1600pxhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window2-cropped.jpgfrosty-window2-croppedhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/frosty-window2-800px1.jpgfrosty-window2-800px2014-02-06T17:18:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/02/24/genetic-distance-humans-chimpanzees-divergence-baraminology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/dna-double-helix.jpgDNA-double-helixhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mtdna-genome.pngmtDNA-genomeThe mitochondrial genome of animals is a simple circular piece of DNA found in the mitochondria. It is usually between 15,000 and 17,000 base pairs in size and typically contains just 39 genes. It is inherited through the female line so you are 100% like your mother for your mtDNA genome.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/cat-kind-chart-aig.gifcat-kind-chart-AIGThe evolution of cats according to Answers in Genesis. One created cat "kind" evolved into the cats we have today. The original image in full size is found here: http://www.answersingenesis.org/assets/images/articles/am/v5/n2/cat-kind-chart.gifhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/dna-cell-human-facts.jpgDNA-cell-human-facts2015-08-15T12:29:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/02/03/nh-notes-curiosity-update-amazing-views-inside-a-crater/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0529mh0261000000e1_curiosity-rover-wheels-sand-dust.jpg0529MH0261000000E1_curiosity-rover-wheels-sand-dustCuriosity rover wheels after rolling into a portion of a sand dune (sol 527). Image: JPL/NASA/MSSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/131210100906-gale-crater-mars-curiosityedit.jpg131210100906-gale-crater-mars-curiosityEditGale Crater showing position of proposed aluvial (river) deposits and ancient lake system. I have added the approximate position of the rover (star) and large crater that it can now see in at the base of the Gale crater wall (arrow down). Image from NASA/JPL/Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0529mr2096010000e1_dxxx-curiosity-crater-distance.jpg0529MR2096010000E1_DXXX-Curiosity-Crater-distanceAn ancient crater at the base of the Gale crater walls is visible in the distance. Image: JPL/NASA/MSSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0529mr2092005000e1dingo-gap-rocks-sedimentary-gale-crater.jpg0529MR2092005000E1Dingo-gap-rocks-sedimentary-gale-craterhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0527ml2079003000e1-dingo-gap-sand-pile-gale-crater.jpg0527ML2079003000E1-dingo-gap-sand-pile-gale-craterThe sand dune at dingo gap. Image from sol 527. Credit: JPL/NASA/MSSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/0526ml2074002000e1_dingo-gap-sand-dune-curiosity-rover.jpg0526ML2074002000E1_Dingo-gap-sand-dune-curiosity-roverA view of the sand dune sitting in "dingo gap." Image: JPL/NASA/MSSS https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/moon-panoramic-yutu-chang3.jpgmoon-panoramic-yutu-chang3Panorama of moon taken by Chang'-e-3 Chinese lander. Credit on image caption. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/20140131_0528ml_panorama_valley-beyond-dingo-gap-lakdawalla.jpg20140131_0528ML_panorama_valley-beyond-dingo-gap-lakdawallaThe view from "dingo gap" by the Curiosity rover in Gale crater on Mars. This image was stitched together by Emily Lakdawalla from images available from NASA/JPL/Caltech on sol 528 (Jan 28, 2014). You need to click on this image to see the full size! Visit Lakdawalla's blog.2014-02-03T12:58:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/20/nh-photography-badlands-national-park-south-dakota/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/bighorn-sheep-badlands-south-dakota.jpgbighorn-sheep-Badlands-south-dakotaBighorn sheep in Badlands National Parkhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/badlands-south-dakota-sunrise-aug1600px.jpgbadlands-south-dakota-sunrise-Aug1600pxLooking south at sunrise in Badlands National Park just south of Wall, SD. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/wyoming-grasslands-panorama.jpgWyoming-grasslands-panoramaPanoramic shot taken with my phone camera just north of Cheyenne Wyoming. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fieldsnorthofbadlandsndaug1500.jpgFieldsNorthofBadlandsNDAug1500Landscape just a few miles north of Badlands National Park near Wall, SD. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/badlands-grass-hills1500px.jpgBadlands-grass-hills1500pxScene from Badlands National Park, August 2013.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/tooth-jaw-badlands-npcloseup.jpgTooth-jaw-Badlands-NPcloseupClose-up of a jaw with teeth found and imaged at Badlands National Park. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/badlands-skull-1200px.jpgBadlands-skull-1200pxPieces of a skull on eroding from a hill at Badlands National Park. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/mudcracks-badlands-southdakota1500.jpgMudcracks-badlands-SouthDakota1500Mudcracks in Badlands National Park. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/badlands-flat-topped-minihill1200.jpgBadlands-flat-topped-minihill1200Grassy flat topped noll in Badlands National Park, SD.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/badlands-large-hillside-1500.jpgBadlands-large-hillside-1500Layers rock in Badlands National Park, SD. Photo: Joel Duff2015-11-26T03:36:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/05/ash-tree-spring-budding/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/dsc9391.jpgDSC93912014-01-29T03:25:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/27/perspicuity-exegetical-populism-and-tolerance-a-reply-to-g-i-williamson-reformation21-blog/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/bookleaves.jpgbookleaves2014-01-20T12:43:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/10/tephraash-layers-as-evidence-of-the-passage-of-time/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/maarmeerfeld.jpgEichholz Maar, GermanyEichholz Maar in Germany2014-01-17T04:35:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/15/origins-debate-part3-genesis-books-creationism-enns-walton-sailhamer/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/erosion-inerrancy-beale-evangelicalism.jpgerosion-inerrancy-beale-evangelicalismhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/welcome-to-a-reformed-church-hyde-daniel.jpgWelcome-to-a-Reformed-Church-Hyde-Danielhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/seven-days-that-divide-the-world-lennox-john.jpgSeven-Days-That-Divide-the-World-Lennox-Johnhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/ken-ham-speaking-rogers-arkansas.jpgken-ham-speaking-rogers-arkansasKen Ham speaking to a packed house at a church in Arkansas. Ken Ham has always been able to turn out a crowd as the topic of Genesis continues to be a popular. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/gods-words-in-human-words-sparks.jpgGods-words-in-human-words-sparks2014-01-11T20:01:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/08/27/17/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/populationvariation.jpgpopulation variation in ladybugsPopulation variation in ladybugs2014-01-11T19:58:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/30/new-walton-book-genesis-1-as-ancient-cosmology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/walgenesis.jpgWALGENESISIn 2011 this followup to "Lost World" was published.2014-01-11T19:57:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/04/16/moa-herbivory-and-changes-to-new-zealand-flora-natural-selection/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/lancewood-leaves.pnglancewood-leaveshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/p-ferox-stem.jpgP-ferox-stemStem of the juvenile plant of Pseudopanax ferox showing the defensive hardened epidermal extensions.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/pseudopanax-ferox-saber-toothed.jpgPseudopanax-ferox-saber-toothedPseudopanax ferox (the saber-toothed lancewood) showing juvenile plants being cultivated. The eventual adult tree is what the person purchasing this tree is interested in rather than this tough looking plant in its juvenile stage. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/pseudopanax-crassifolius-wikipedia.jpgPseudopanax-Crassifolius-wikipediaAdult tree of Pseudopanax crassifolius showing large stature and broader leaves. Image credit: wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/lance_wood-juvenile-wikipedia.jpgLance_wood-juvenile-wikipediahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/moa-lancewood-adaptation-figure.jpgmoa-lancewood-adaptation-figureMetamorphosis. Lancewood leaves transform as the tree grows from a seedling (top left) to a sapling (top right) to an adult tree (bottom). The tree may have evolved this changing foliage to evade now-extinct moas (inset illustration). Credit: N. Fadzly et al., New Phytologist (2009); (moa inset) John Megahanhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/pseudopanax-chathamicus-tree.jpgPseudopanax-chathamicus-treehttp://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_images_large/Pseudopanax-chathamicus-tre.jpg2019-02-07T08:22:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/02/nh-photography-desert-southwest-scenes/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/dhpevening2july1500.jpgDHPEvening2July1500A thunderstorm approaches in the evening at Dead Horse Point State Park.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/panorama-goosneckssanjuan1500px.jpgPanorama-GoosnecksSanJuan1500pxPanoramic image from the the overlook at Goosenecks of the San Juan River State Park. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/road-from-goosenecks-mulie-point1200px.jpgRoad-from-Goosenecks-mulie- point1200pxLooking back at at SR121 having just come up from Goosnecks of the San Juan Sate Park. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/schaeffer-trail-winding-road-dhp800px.jpgSchaeffer-trail-winding-road-DHP800pxLooking down on the Schaeffer Trail from the primary road going through Canyonland National Park.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/marking-path-upheaval-dome1600px.jpgMarking-path-upheaval-dome1600pxTrail marker on the way to Upheaval Dome in Canyonlands National Park.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/upheaval-dome-canyonlands1400px.jpgUpheaval-dome-canyonlands1400pxUpheaval Dome in Canyonlands National Park.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sage-brush-junipers-lowryruins-co1900.jpgSage-brush-junipers-lowryruins-CO1900Sagebrush, junipers and blue sky. At Lowry Ruins in Colorado on the CO/UT border. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/hovenweep-building-july1200px.jpgHovenweep-building-july1200pxA Hovenweep National Park ruin. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/hovenweep-valley-ruins-july1200px.jpgHovenweep-valley-ruins-July1200pxHovenweep National Monument in southeastern Utah in late July of 2013. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/road-to-dead-horse-point1400px.jpgRoad-to-Dead-horse-point1400pxOn the road from Moab to Dead Horse Point State Park. 2014-01-11T14:24:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2014/01/08/nh-photography-revisiting-the-colorado-of-my-youth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/approaching-san-juan-mnts-co-800.jpgApproaching-San-Juan-Mnts-CO-800Approaching the San Juan Mountains in southwest Colorado from Montrose Coloradohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/columbine-flower-colorado-mountains-900px.jpgColumbine-flower-colorado-mountains-900pxYou can't visit the Colorado mountains without taking the obligatory columbine flower picture. Unfortunately it was quite breezy and so I didn't get many good flower pictures but I thought this one was alright.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/animas-river-colorado-silverton-1200px.jpgAnimas-river-Colorado-Silverton-1200pxAnimas River east of Silverton Colorado on the way to the ghost town of Animas Forkshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/sunflowers-animas-river-1600px.jpgSunflowers-animas-river-1600pxSunflowers (I believe in the genus Helenium) along the Animas River about 10,000 feet in elevation. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/animas-forks-river-carnation2-1000px.jpgAnimas-forks-river-carnation2-1000pxSilene acaulis variety subacaulescens (Moss Campion) in the Pink or Carnation family. Photo: J. Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/anna-cunningham-gultch-silverton-co.jpgAnna-cunningham-gultch-silverton-coMy daughter hanging out in Cunningham Gulth near Silverton CO in July of 2013. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/animas-forks-house-1000.jpgAnimas-Forks-House-1000House in the ghost town of Animas Forks near 12,000 feet high in the San Juan Mountains near Silverton Colorado.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/fins-garden-gods2-co-1900.jpgFins-Garden-Gods2-CO-1900Vertical sandstone "fins" at Garden of the Gods park in Colorado Spring, CO. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/trail-along-gunnison-river-1000.jpgTrail-along-Gunnison-River-1000The Gunnison River just below the Blue Mesa Dam. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/grand-junction-google-map.jpgGrand-junction-google-mapGoogle maps image of the area south of Grand Junction. The arrow points to the are in the picture above. Image Credit: Google Maps Inc. 2014-01-11T14:19:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/24/nh-photography-morning-snow-on-patio-stones/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/patio-stones-melt-pattern-snow1000px.jpgpatio-stones-melt-pattern-snow1000pxSnow on patio stones taken about 30 minutes after the picture above was taken.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/snow-patio-stones-pattern.jpgSnow-patio-stones-patternDifferences in the types of patio stones (bricks) are seen in how quickly the snow melts when it lands on them. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/snow-patio-table-close-up.jpgSnow-patio-table-close-upA close-up of the snow on top of our patio table. How did it get this way? Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/snow-patio-table-akron-ohio.jpgSnow-patio-table-akron-ohioAn puzzling pattern of disrupted snow is seen on our patio table the morning of Christmas eve. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/snow-cracks-patio-natural-history.jpgSnow-cracks-patio-natural-historyClose-up of patio stone about 2 feet from our house as the first sunlight arrives on Christmas eve. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/patio-cracks-snow-heat-from-house.jpgPatio-cracks-snow-heat-from-houseThe first rays of sunlight strike snow on our patio stones. The house is closest to the bottom of the image. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/snow-patio-stone-cracks-dec24-akron-oh.jpgSnow-patio-stone-cracks-Dec24-Akron-OHOvernight lake-effect snow on patio stones. Image credit: Joel Duff2014-01-08T20:02:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/31/desert-varnish-a-crude-marker-of-the-passage-of-time/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/petroglyph-dinosaur-national-park1.jpgpetroglyph-dinosaur-national-parkPetroglyph carved into desert varnish found in Dinosaur National Parkhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/mojave-desert-varnish-chemistry.jpgmojave-desert-varnish-chemistryOptical (left) and chemical (right) microstratigraphies in rock varnish from late Quaternary lava flows in the Mojave Desert, California. The black layers in the varnish are enriched in Mn and Ba (but depleted in Si), and the yellow layers are depleted in Mn and Ba (but enriched in Si). The orange layers contain intermediate amounts of Mn and Ba. Note that the absolute concentrations of Mn and Ba in the outermost yellow layers change from sample to sample, but their relative concentrations are generally lower than those in the underlying black and orange layers. Figure and legend from: http://www.vmldating.com/rvchemistry.htmlhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/rock-varnish-layering.jpgrock-varnish-layeringMicroscopic view of a cross section of rock varnish layers. the white crystals at the bottom is the original rock surface. The layering pattern indicates different chemical compositions (see below for more examples)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/desert_varnish-natureofphotography.jpgdesert_varnish-natureofphotographyThis wall of desert vanish streak shows that all desert varnish was not formed at one time. There is obviously varnish of multiple ages here. The dark organe in the upper left is the oldest. The darker streaks on the left and right are probably the next oldest. There are sections of rock that must have fallen away in the past and were then available for varnish buildup. Image from a great photo blog by John P. Meyer http://natureofphotography.wordpress.com/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/liu-desert-varnish-layers-aluvian-fan-death-valley.pngLiu-Desert-varnish-layers-aluvian-fan-Death-ValleyFrom: Dorn, R. I. (2009), The Rock Varnish Revolution: New Insights from Microlaminations and the Contributions of Tanzhuo Liu. Geography Compass, 3: 1804–1823. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2009.00264.x. Shows an alluvial fan in Death Valley and varnish on rocks from various rocks collected on the surface of that fan. : http://alliance.la.asu.edu/dorn/GeographyCompass_09.pdfhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/petroglyphs-colorado-river-moab600px.jpgpetroglyphs-colorado-river-moab600pxPetroglyphs just above the road on the north side of the Colorado River just west of Moab UT. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/patina-desert-varnish.pngpatina-desert-varnishStreaks of desert varnish run down the face of this sandstone cliff. Image from a story on varnish: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/03/03/1184309/-DKos-Tour-Series-Capitol-Reef-NP# 2013-12-31T20:15:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/11/26/nh-notes-rising-star-expedition-update/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/rising-star-epedition-logo.jpegrising-star-epedition-logohttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/excavation-rising-star-cave-twitter-berger.jpgExcavation-rising-star-cave-twitter-bergerImage from LeeBerger twitter feed: Becca in the hominin fossil zone #risingstarexpedition pic.twitter.com/DvxHivMQuF2013-12-29T21:14:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/23/nh-photography-desert-varnish-around-moab-ut/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/hunters-canyon-boulder-desert-varnish.jpgHunters-canyon-boulder-desert-varnishA large boulder that has fallen into Hunters Canyon near Moab UT. A couple of my kids are in the picture for scale. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/petroglyphs-colorado-river-rock-varnish-moab1200.jpgPetroglyphs-colorado-river-rock-varnish-Moab1200Petroglyphs etched into desert varnish along the Colorado river just west of Moab UT. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/sandstone-beneath-desert-rock-varnish-moab-ut.jpgSandstone-beneath-desert-rock-varnish-Moab-UTA close-up image of sandstone rock that has a dark layer of desert varnish and a portion of that rock that has broken off showing the light colored rock beneath. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/desert-varnish-gatherer-canyon-moab-1300.jpgDesert-Varnish-Gatherer-Canyon-Moab-1300Desert varnish on wall of Gatherers Canyon just west of Moab UT. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/desert-varnish-face-near-corona-arch-moab.jpgDesert-varnish-face-near-corona-arch-moabDesert varnish on sandstone walls just to the east of Corona Arch near Moab UT. I Iiked this image because it looks like a face. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/desert-varnish-sandstone-closeup-1300.jpgDesert-varnish-sandstone-closeup-1300Close-up of sandstone wall along the Colorado River showing where a piece of the rock has fallen off revealing sandstone without desert varnish. The relative ages of the rock surfaces can be gauged by the amount of varnish on the surface. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/desert-varnish-sandstone-colorado-river1600.jpgDesert-varnish-sandstone-colorado-river1600Sandstone cliffs overlooking the Colorado River just west of Moab UT. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/corona-arch-trail-desert-rock-varnish-moab1600.jpgCorona-arch-trail-desert-rock-varnish-moab1600Hiking back from Corona Arch near Moab UT. Notice the desert varnish on the walls but not on the horizontal rocks. A couple of my kids are in the foreground for scale. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/hunters-canyon-arch-desert-rock-varnish-1900.jpgHunters-canyon-arch-desert-rock-varnish-1900Desert varnish on rocks around arch in Hunters Canyon near Moab UT. Image: Joel Duff2013-12-29T21:13:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/11/02/answers-in-genesis-atheist-billboard-campaign-ken-ham/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ligonierlogo-black.jpgLigonierLogo-Blackhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/atheist-aig-ken-ham-billboard-oct-2013.jpgAtheist-AIG--ken-ham-billboard-Oct-20132014-05-22T03:42:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/12/16/hadrosaur-fleshy-tissue-preservation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/green-river-fish-soft-tissue-preservation.jpgGreen-river-fish-soft-tissue-preservationThis is a green river fish that preserved much more than just the bones. Many fossils did contain impression and even organic material around them but these are highly decayed organimhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/velafrons-coahuilensis-skull-hadrosaur-mexico.jpgvelafrons-coahuilensis-skull-hadrosaur-mexicoAn example of a duck-billed dinosaur (hadrosaur) skull that has a projection from its head that just have supported some sort of projection of tissue. The fossil we are reporting here had no boney projection but the imprint in the rock showed that it had a fleshy comb above its head anyway. Later hadrosaurs may have evolved these bones projections to support even large fleshy head features. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/edmontosauurs-hadrosaur-comb-csotonyi.jpgEdmontosauurs-hadrosaur-comb-csotonyiEDMONTOSAURUS REGALIS, WITH ITS COCK'S COMB. CREDIT: J. CSOTONYIhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/hadrosauridae_skull_comparison-danny-cicchetti.jpgHadrosauridae_skull_comparison-Danny-CicchettiComparision of some hadrosaur skulls showing diversity especially in the upper cranial region. Image Wikipedia - Danny Cicchettihttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/hadrosaur-skin-fossil-natgeog-lyson.jpgHadrosaur-skin-fossil-NatGeog-LysonFossilized hadrosaur skin. Tyler Lyson/Courtesy National Geographic2019-05-01T02:40:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/11/07/habital-zone-for-planets-stars-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/planet-habital-zones-graphic2013.jpgplanet-habital-zones-graphic2013Artist’s representation of the “habitable zone,” the range of orbits where liquid water is permitted on the surface of a planet. The authors find that 22% of Sun-like stars harbor a planet between one and two times the size of Earth in the habitable zone. (Credit: Petigura/UC Berkeley, Howard/UH-Manoa, Marcy/UC Berkeley)2013-11-12T23:06:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/17/nh-notes-inverted-valleys-a-question-of-age/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/lava-field-st-george-homes.jpglava-field-st-George-homeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/inverted_valley-st-george.jpgInverted_valley-st-georgeThe St. George airport sits on a basalt-capped hill that is a class example of an inverted valley. The diagram below the image shows how that flat-topped hill could have formed. Image from: http://www.geology.utah.gov/fieldtrip/small/Inverted_valleys.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/petroglyph-st-george.jpgpetroglyph-st-georgePetroglyph at Petroglyph Park in St. George. There are thousands of Anasazi petroglphys in the area attesting to the fact that the boulders and rocks in this area have barely eroded at all in the past couple thousand years. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/santa-clara-volcano-st-george-utah-map.jpgSanta-clara-volcano-st-george-utah-mapSanta Clara volcano north of St. George. From its source the lava flowed down into the valley and eventually formed the lava fields you can see as dark patches in the lower portion of the image. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks of Google Inc and used with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/volcano-st-george-utah.jpgvolcano-st-george-utahThe ??? volcano north of St. George UT. Google maps screenshot. Google and the Google logo are registered trademarks of Google Inc. and are used with permission.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/lava-fields-golf-course-st-george-utah.jpglava-fields-golf-course-st-george-utahA golf course among lava fields west of St. George UT. Google is a registered trademark of Google Inc. and used with permission.2013-11-03T14:09:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/10/08/mars-curiosity-update-scenes-on-the-way-to-mt-sharp/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/balencing-rock-curiosity-rover-october0417mr1714000000e1_dxxx.jpgBalencing-rock-curiosity-rover-october0417MR1714000000E1_DXXXA closer look at a rock that appears to defy gravity on the surface of Mars. Image credit: JPL/NASA-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/curiosity-wheels-rover-mars-0411mh0261000000e1_dxxx.jpgcuriosity-wheels-rover-mars-0411MH0261000000E1_DXXXA view from under the Curiosity rover showing two of its six wheels. If you look closely you can see that they have many small pits in the aluminum showing the wear and tear they have received from driving on this rocky ground. Image: JPL/NASA-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/mt-sharp-curiosity-rover-mars3-0375ml1541015000e1.jpgMt-Sharp-curiosity-rover-mars3-0375ML1541015000E1Looking ahead the rover can see the main target of its recent driving. The hills in the distance, which are still a few miles away, are just the foothills to the huge mountain at the center of Gale Crater. Image: JPL/NASA-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/pia17362_sol-400_mahli_cong_penny-br2.jpgpia17362_Sol-400_MAHLI_cong_penny-br2The microscope images took a series of pictures of a layer of what is clearly another conglomerate rock. Image: JPL/NASA-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/mars-curiosity-penny-dust-accumulation.jpgMars-curiosity-penny-dust-accumulationDust accumulation on the surface of the Curiosity Rover on Mars. Images taken on Mars days near the beginning of the mission and just recently (sol 411). Image credit: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/balancing-rock-mars-curiosity-rover-nrb_434163825edr_f0180422ncam00294m_.jpgBalancing-rock-mars-curiosity-rover-NRB_434163825EDR_F0180422NCAM00294M_A rock that seems to defy gravity sits to the left. It probably originated from a small crater on the right. Image credit: JPL/NASA-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/strange-balanced-rock-mars-curiosity-0413ml1707004000e1.jpgStrange-balanced-rock-mars-curiosity-0413ML1707004000E1An interesting rock stands on the surface of Mars waiting for something to come along and tip it over. Image credit: JPL/NASA-CalTech2013-11-03T14:08:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/25/nh-photography-gnats-swarming-above-grass/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-5secondexp-gnats-swarming-yard-september.jpg1-5secondExp-gnats-swarming-yard-septemberA close-up of the same 1/5 second exposure as above. You can see how the fast paced wing motions have been capture. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/gnats-yard-swarm-sept2013-1-5sec.jpgGnats-yard-swarm-sept2013-1-5secAt 1/5 second the swarm becomes a large tangle of paths. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-13second-gnas-yard-swarming-sept2013.jpg1-13second-gnas-yard-swarming-sept2013Slowing down to 1/13th of a second we start to see the flight paths bending a bit. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/gnats-yard-swarm-sept2013-1-30sec.jpgGnats-yard-swarm-Sept2013-1-30secAt 1/30th of a second exposure we start to see the flight path of each gnat. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-500th-second-gnats-grass-swarm-closeup.jpg1-500th-second-gnats-grass-swarm-closeupAt 1/500 of a second individual gnats come into some focus. Here is a close up with a few of the small white specks almost looking like small bugs. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-200th-second-gnats-grass-swarm.jpg1-200th-second-gnats-grass-swarmMore gnat swarms in my backyard. 1/200 sec exposure. Image credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-200th-second-gnats-grass-swarm2.jpg1-200th-second-gnats-grass-swarm2A gnat swarm enjoying a calm sunny afternoon in my backyard. This is a 1/200 sec exposure with a 70mm Nikon VR lens. Image credit: Joel Duff2013-11-02T17:31:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/21/dragons-ken-ham-creation-museum-ufo-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/komodo-dragon-myth-ken-ham1.jpgkomodo-dragon-myth-ken-hamhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ufo-ancient-etching.jpgufo-ancient-etchingObviously aliens visited us 3000 years ago since their visit is recorded for us here. There are many similar images that are interpreted as spacecraft or aliens found all over the world. If UFOs and aliens are not real why should the same evidence for dragons be taken so seriously?https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/fire-breathing-dragon-billboard.jpgfire-breathing-dragon-billboardA billboard advertising the new dragon exhibit at the Creation Museum. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/komodo-dragon-myth-ken-ham.jpgkomodo-dragon-myth-ken-hamKomodo dragon from southereast Asia. No doubt many images of dragons from this area are inspired by this large reptile. 2013-10-02T11:29:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/02/nh-photography-upheaval-dome-canyonlands-national-park/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/meteor-crater-arizona-wikipedia.jpgMeteor-crater-arizona-wikipediaMeteor crater in Arizona. One of the most familiar meteor craters on earth is a bit less than 1 mile wide. Image credit: Wikpedia.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/center-upheaval-dome-closeup-canyonlands.jpgCenter-upheaval-dome-closeup-canyonlandsA close-up of rocks protruding from the mountain which is in the center of the crater pit. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-dome-trail-canyonlands-tnh1500.jpgUpheaval-dome-trail-canyonlands-TNH1500The trail up to upheaval dome. Just in the distance is the end of the rim of the dome where the overlook is. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-dome-north-canyonlands-utah-tnh1900.jpgupheaval-dome-north-canyonlands-utah-TNH1900Upheaval dome looking north.Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-done-exit-green-river1900.jpgUpheaval-done-exit-green-river1900The southern portion of the crater showing the hard sandstone walls that are raised in elevation compared to the surrounding region and then the lighter colored rock that represents material from much deeper in the earth that is protruding up here. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-done-interpretive-signtnh.jpgUpheaval-done-interpretive-signTNHAn interpretive sign that greet visitors on arrival at the first upheaval dome overlook. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-dome-panorama-canyonlands2000.jpgUpheaval-dome-panorama-canyonlands2000A panoramic shot taken with my phone of the whole dome area and "crater". Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-dome-google-map-canyonlands.jpgUpheaval-dome-google-map-canyonlandsAnother Google maps screenshot but this time showing upheaval dome a bit closer. I have marked the position I was standing to take the pictures that appear below. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/upheaval-dome-google-map-canyonlands2.jpgUpheaval-dome-google-map-canyonlands2Google maps screenshot of upheaval dome are in Utah. We also visited Dead Horse State Park on the same day. 2013-09-07T13:54:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/09/07/night-of-the-invasive-earthworms-a-horror-story-for-northern-forests/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/earthworms-invasive-north-america-ecology.jpgearthworms-invasive-north-america-ecologyA group of invasive earthworms. Well, invasive if they are on a continent where they are not natively found.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/invasive-worm-effects.jpgInvasive-Worm-EffectsImage from: http://napaimute.org/2013/02/20/forum-on-the-environment-invasive-spp-edition-earthworms-youve-got-to-be-kidding/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/glacial_extent-wisconsin-ice-age.gifglacial_extent-wisconsin-ice-ageThe extent of the glaciers during the most recent ice age. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/2-forest-with-heavy-invasion-smithsonianscience.jpg2-Forest-with-heavy-invasion-SmithsonianScienceImage right: A forest experiencing heavy earthworm invasion often has few remaining herbaceous plants and seedlings, no intact litter layer, and extensive patches of bare soil. (Photo by Scott Loss)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1-forest-without-earthworms-smithsonianscience.jpg1-Forest-without-earthworms-smithsonianscienceImage left: A forest without earthworms has a rich understory of herbaceous plants, tree seedlings, and shrubs, and a thick, spongy leaf litter layer. (Photo by Scott Loss)2013-09-07T13:53:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/24/a-tour-of-the-dinosaur-trail-of-mill-canyon-moab-ut/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/cross-section-ridge-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon.jpgCross-section-ridge-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyonThis shows the geological context of where the bones are found. They are just in the rock between the two thick layers of fine sandstones. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/dinosaut-trail-sign-mill-canyon-moab2-ut.jpgDinosaut-trail-sign-mill-canyon-moab2-uthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/dinosaur-trail-bone-embedded-rock-mill-canyon2000.jpgDinosaur-trail-bone-embedded-rock-mill-canyon2000One of the first large bones visible on the dinosaur walk. This bone is 5 to 6 inches in diameter. Photo: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mill-canyon-dinosaur-trail-geology-interpretive-sign.jpgMill-canyon-dinosaur-trail-geology-interpretive-signSecond interpretive sign a the Dinosaur Trail of Mill Canyon. This one stresses the geology of the region. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/muley-overlook-san-juan-goosenecks1500.jpgMuley-overlook-san-juan-goosenecks1500At Muley Overlook which looks out over the Goosenecks of the San Juan River. Almost all of these layers of rock are sitting below the layers of rock that contain the dinosaurs on the dinosaur trail near Moab Utah. Photo Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/mill-canyon-dinosaur-trail-family.jpgMill-canyon-dinosaur-trail-familyYep, I dragged the whole family along on this adventure. Here we are standing in front of the small ridge the contains dinosaur bones and plant fossils. The fossil part is near the very top section that you see in the background. Photo Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon-moab2000.jpgDinosaur-trail-mill-canyon-moab2000Another view of the dinosaur trail from across the small valley. Photo Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/saurapod-femur-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon-utah.jpgSaurapod-femur-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon-utahA large femur (at least 5 inches in diameter) protrudes from the rock. Photo Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/petrified-tree-mill-canyon-moab1600.jpgPetrified-tree-mill-canyon-Moab1600A large petrified tree. Photo Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/conglomerate-peagravel-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon1200.jpgConglomerate-peagravel-dinosaur-trail-mill-canyon1200More conglomerate rock indicative of a stream bed or rocky beach setting. This picture was taken just to the left of where a huge tree trunck was preserved in the same gravel conglomerate. Photo credit: Joel Duff2016-12-14T05:56:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/10/nh-notes-dino-doo-doo-coprolites-and-the-genesis-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/coprolite.jpgcoprolitehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/coprolite_cropped.jpgcoprolite_croppedA coprolite from Hell's Creek Formation famous for dinosaur fossils. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/cut-polished-coprolite.jpgCut-polished-coproliteMany dinosaur and reptile coprolites are prized as a result of the permineralization process that results in these beautiful colors. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/640px-coprolite-wikipedia.jpg640px-Coprolite-wikipediaA dinosaur coprolite. This large dropping was from a carnivore as evidenced by the small bones embedded in the feces. Image credit: Wikipedia2019-03-19T19:12:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/08/07/nh-photography-petrified-sand-dunes-near-moab-ut/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fossil-sand-dunes-arches-moab-2000.jpgFossil-sand-dunes-arches-moab-2000Fossil sand dune in Arches National Park just 10 miles north of the slickrock area above Moab UT. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/looking-glass-arch-fossil-dune-contact-1000.jpgLooking-glass-arch-fossil-dune-contact-1000Another example of sediment layering that suggests these were sand dunes that have "fossilized". This one is from the base of Looking Glass Arch about 20 miles south of Moab UT. Image Credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/corona-arch-trail-moab-sand-dune-lines-navajo-sandstone.jpgCorona-arch-trail-moab-sand-dune-lines-navajo-sandstoneSandstones on the trail to Corona Arch just west of Moab UT in the Navajo Sandstone formation. I have drawn red lines to show the different directions that the layers of sand were deposited. Photo credit: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fossil-sand-dune-close-up-moab-slickrock-jpg.jpgFossil-Sand-dune-close-up-moab-slickrock-jpgClose up of fossil sand dune near Moab UThttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fossil-sand-dune-moab-2000.jpgFossil-sand-dune-moab-2000Fossil sand dune in slick rock area just east of Moab UT.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/fossil-sanddunes-slickrock-moab-scene.jpgFossil-sanddunes-slickrock-moab-sceneFossil dunes in slickrock area just east of Moab UT looking out toward Arches National Park2017-03-03T23:43:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/06/21/pca-ga-age-earth-seminar-gregg-davidson/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/ga-pca-2012.jpgGA-PCA-2012https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/creationsignint71mm41.jpgCreation Museum Billboard Interstate 71 in Ohio Answers in GenesisA billboard for the Creation Museum southbound on Interstate 71 at mile marker 41 in Ohio. Picture by Joel Duff. Click for larger image.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/davidson-pca-ga-2012-age-earth4.jpgDavidson-PCA-GA-2012-Age-earth4Gregg Davidson begins his seminar at the PCA General Assembly in Louisville KY. I chose a picture which I hope doesn't incriminate anyone for their presence:-)2013-07-05T11:30:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/15/the-fake-fringes-falling-victim-internet-parody/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/aquatic-child-ape-theory.jpgaquatic-child-ape-theory2013-12-08T17:02:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/07/04/evaluating-the-state-of-creationism-creationist-finances-ken-ham/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/dragons-billboard-creation-museum.pngdragons-billboard-creation-museumA new billboard advertising another new attraction at the Creation Museum. Two years ago AIG spent more than 2 million dollars on advertising including a large billboard campaign.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/zipline-creation-museum.jpgzipline-creation-museumScreenshot capture from a video of the new zipline at the Creation Museum. Credit WLIT.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/creationists-organizations-2011-financials.pngCreationists-organizations-2011-financialsSummary of Creation Science Financial numbers for 2010/20112013-07-06T15:11:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/06/24/nh-notes-the-scientific-enterprise-and-paradise-gained/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/william_blake_the_temptation_and_fall_of_eve.jpgWilliam_Blake,_The_Temptation_and_Fall_of_Evehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/milton_paradise-lost.jpgMilton_paradise-lostIn "Paradise Lost" John Milton explores the significance of the fall of Adam on his descendants. That effect was much on th mind of those that were asking what man could know and how he could improve his condition in the 17th century. If paradise could be lost could it be gained if only partially here on earth?2013-08-26T17:11:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/14/state-of-creationism-as-viewed-by-google-trends/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/thenaturalhistorian-com-intelligent-design-compare.pngthenaturalhistorian.com-intelligent-design-compareGoogle Compare result from two associated words "Intelligent design" and "discovery institute". These were suggested to be related search terms by Google Compare. Image credit: Google Compare and thenaturalhistorian.comhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/thenaturalhistorian-com-creation-evolution-google-trends.pngthenaturalhistorian.com-creation-evolution-google-trendsGoogle trends comparison of search terms "evolution and creation" "creation vs evolution" and "theory of creation." Image credit: Google trends and TheNaturalHistorian.comhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/thenaturalhistorian-com-creation-museum-answers-genesis2.pngthenaturalhistorian.com-creation-museum-answers-genesisGoogle trends comparison of search terms "creation museum" and "creationism." Notice the July lows in searches fro creationism but spikes for the creation museum. The creation museum opened in 2007. Image credit: Google trends and TheNaturalHistorian.comhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/thenaturalhistorian-com-ham-morris-roos-google1.pngthenaturalhistorian.com-ham-morris-roos-googleGoogle trends for search terms "hugh ross," "ken ham" and "henry morris." Image Credit: Google Trends and TheNaturalHistorian.comhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/thenaturalhistorian-com-young-earth-creation-science1.pngthenaturalhistorian.com-Young-earth-creation-scienceGoogle trends for search terms " Image credit: Google Trends and TheNaturalHistorian.com2013-06-11T11:24:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/12/16/meteorite-impact-craters-and-apparent-age-an-addendum/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/outsidecrater1.jpgOutsidecraterHere is what the outside flanks of the Amguid crater looks like. You can see how much debris has been thrown out to form the crest of the crater.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/outsidecrater.jpgOutsidecraterOutside craterhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/victoria-crater-bluff2.jpgvictoria-crater-bluff2Victoria Crater2013-05-30T01:34:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/23/atacama-whale-fossils-huge-find-of-modern-whale-fossils-in-chile/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/chileanwhalesfossillarge.jpgchileanwhalesfossillargeIn this Aug. 24, 2010 photo released by Chile’s Paleontological Museum of Caldera, a prehistoric whale fossil lies in the Atacama desert near Copiapo, Chile. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/chileanwhalefossils.jpgChileanWhalefossilsasdfasdf asdf asdf asd af asd asdf 2013-05-30T01:16:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/04/ray-to-llwyd-on-formed-stones-and-mammalian-fossils/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/fossil_fern.jpgfossil_fernRossil ferns: Both Llwyd and Ray would have been famliar with fossils such as this one. In another post there was a quote by Ray in which he remarked that leaves generally have two distinct sides and if fossils. Should https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/fernfossil.jpgFernfossilhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/ammonitefossils.jpgammonitefossilshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/petoskystones.jpgPetoskystoneskkjkjkjkjkjkjk2013-05-30T00:52:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/02/26/kinds-baramins-creationism-mtdna-genomes-compared/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mtdna-genome-mammals-comparison-thenaturalhistorian1.jpgmtDNA-genome-mammals-comparison-thenaturalhistorianhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mitochondrial-dna.jpgmitochondrial DNAA typical mitochondrial DNA genome showing the order of genes found in almost all animals. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mtdna-genome-mammals-comparison-naturalis-historia3.jpgmtDNA-genome-mammals-comparison-naturalis-historiahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/mitochondrial-haplotypes-global-distribution.pngmitochondrial haplotypes global distributionThe global distribution of mtDNA haplotypes in the 1500s. The haplotypes here recognized mutations that are found in large numbers of individuals. There are many subdivisons of these based on other mutations associated with the group. For example I have a mtDNA haplotype of D4e1 which is in the D-group haplotype. I have a very unusual mtDNA genome version given my western European ancestry. My mtDNA is more related to native americans. The pie charts show the proportions of people that have particular mtDNA genomes.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/nuclear-mtdna-diagram.jpgnuclear-mtdna-diagramThe "Other" human genome. The mitochondrial genome is found in your mitochondria and is only inherited from your mother. So with respect to the genes of your mitochondria you are 100% like your mom. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/blast-alignment-cox-example.pngBLAST-alignment-cox-exampleAlignment of two sequences of the same gene from two species of oysters. Notice the 2016-02-07T06:08:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/07/27/neanderthal-human-migration-supervolcano-ash-modern-humans-creation-sup/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/campanian-ignimbrite-fallout-zone.pngCampanian-Ignimbrite-fallout-zoneThe fallout zone for the Campanian Ignimbrite ash. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/campanian-ignimbrite-deposit-site.jpgcampanian-ignimbrite-deposit-siteAn site where human remains have been found in local flood deposits in a flood plain along a river in Russia. The Campanian Ignibrite is the ash layer indicted and there are remains and artifacts below and above this layer. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hobbit-cave-sediments.jpgHobbit-cave-sedimentsA cave with sedimentary deposits on its floor. Exposure to the atmosphere allows for sediments to be carried into the cave by wind, tracked in by animals but most material is feces from bats and other organisms that make temporary homes here including humans. This particular cave on ?? island of Indonesia is where the skull and some bones of the so-called human "hobit" fossils were found 5.9 meters below the current surface in a pit seen in this picture. These sediments also contain volcanic ash layers that allow ages to be assigned to different depths. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/campi-flegrei-caldera-supervolcano-vesuvius.jpgCampi-Flegrei-caldera-supervolcano-vesuviusMap showing the approximate extent of the Campi Flegrei caldera. Imagine a volcano larger than Vesuvius that has blown it top and then formed a large caldera sunken in the middle. The first and largest event is dated at 40,000 years but additional explosive events happened here several times in the past 10,000 years. Today there are still some sulfur pools and small gysers in the area though the suburbs of Naples have expanded over nearly the entire caldera.2013-05-27T13:04:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/13/mountains-dust-mars-answers-genesis/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/dunes-wind-mars.jpgDunes-wind-marsSand dunes sculpted by wind on Mars. Yes, there is wind on Mars although the atmosphere is very thin so the size of particles that can be lifted in the air is less than on Earth.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/mars-whole-planet.jpgmars-whole-planethttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/pia16768-640-mt-sharp-panarama.jpgpia16768-640-Mt-sharp-panaramaA panorama taken by the Curiosity rover. Image credit: JPL/NASA/Caltech2013-05-16T18:49:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/16/nh-notes-gall-mites-in-amber-similar-but-not-the-same-as-today/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/mite-1-drawing.pngmite-1-drawingDrawing made from one of the mites encased in amber. This is from the PNAS article found in the references.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/gall-mites-amber-italy.jpggall-mites-amber-italyPreserved gall mites in amber found encased in rocks at the base of mountains in Italy.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/eriophyidae-bindweed-gall-mite-usda-ars-bugwood.jpgEriophyidae Bindweed Gall Mite USDA ARS BugwoodA modern gall mite. Image credit: USDA Agricultural Research Station, Bugwood.org2013-05-19T18:34:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/05/07/nh-notes-did-wind-and-dust-create-a-15000-foot-mountain-in-gale-crater/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/mars-rover-landing-sequence.jpgmars-rover-landing-sequencehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/mtsharp_distances-curiosity.jpgMtSharp_distances-curiosityIn image from Curiosity on the left and taken from satelite on the right. The distances are estimates here and my be incorrect as acknowledged by the author but it still illustrates well the diversity of landscapes on Mt. Sharp itself and just how large this mountain is. Image Credit: Distances provided by Lauri Fenton from http://cosmicdiary.org/lfenton/2012/09/03/distances-to-mt-sharp/ and original files JPL/NASA/CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/mars-landscape.jpgMars-landscapeThe landscape of Mars as seen by the Curiosity Rover in February 2013. Image credit: JPL/CatTech/NASA2013-05-13T15:50:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/04/30/sweet-taste-receptor-bats-mammals/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/bat-taste-receptors.pngBat-taste-receptorsThis relationship tree shows the genetic similarity of different types of bats. Insect eaters are in gold, fruit bats in blue and the vampire bats are shaded red. To the right the green circles represent genes that are functional for the sweet taste gene. The red circles with a hash mark represent genes that are present but have mutations rendering them non-functional. Black circles mean no preliminary evidence of functional genes. The left hand column is for the bitter taste receptor gene. This is a figure from the Zhao et al 2011 paper from the references.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/vampire-bat.jpgvampire-bathttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/tastebud.jpgTasteBudA diagram of a typical mammalian taste bud.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/taste-buds-cross-section.jpgtaste-buds-cross-sectionA cross-section of the surface of the tongue showing the pits in the tongue and the taste buds embedded in the walls of the pits. 2013-04-30T23:44:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/04/26/nh-note-a-trunk-and-tusk-challenged-fossil-elephant/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/deinotherium842px.jpgDeinotherium842pxThe extinct elephant Deinotherum was quite a bit larger than even the largest elephant today. It's bones have been found from Asia to Europe and through the upper half of Africa. This report from Kenya is the first time I've seen their bones associated with evidence of human occupation.2013-04-28T00:00:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/03/01/consider-the-ostrich-adaptations-flightless-birds-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ratites-size-comparison-flighless-birds.gifRatites-size-comparison-flighless-birdsSize comparison of ratite birds (living and extinct). Image: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/diagram/11361/ratite-birdshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/ratites-birds-flightless-distribution.jpgRatites-birds-flightless-distributionRatite birds and where they are found. The Moa is not shown here but is an extinct ratite bird New Zealand.2013-04-04T18:36:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/12/03/dinosaur-nests-eggs-fossils-stressed-in-the-flood/2013-03-30T11:49:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/01/17/curiouser-and-curiouser-a-mars-curiosity-update/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/bw-sol160-hill-over-yellowknifebay-curiosity-rover-mars.jpgBW-sol160-hill-over-yellowknifebay-curiosity-rover-marsIn this black and white image from the mast camera on Curiosity you can see how the ground is no flat here but has considerable relief. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/many-fine-layers-sand-mars-curiosity-sol121-mastcam.jpgmany-fine-layers-sand-Mars-curiosity-sol121-mastcamMany very fine layers are visible here in this closeup. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/curiosity-tracks-gale-crater-sol150.jpgCuriosity-tracks-gale-crater-sol150High resolution image of the surface of Mars that Curiosity has crossed. This was taken by the HiRise satellite orbiting Mars. The tracks of the rover are visible and the rover is barely visible in the areas of the light-toned rock. Image credit: NASA/JPL/UAhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/front-hazzard-camera-sol160-mars-curiosity.jpgFront-hazzard-camera-sol160-mars-curiosityAn image from the front hazard camera on Curiosity from today's location showing the instrument arm extending down to inspect the rocks in front of the rover. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/0060mr0layered-thin-sediments-mars.jpg0060MR0Layered-thin-sediments-marsddddhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/0064-curiosity-valley-swept-clean-exposed.jpg0064-curiosity-valley-swept-clean-exposedFrom a hill 64 sols (Mars days) after arriving on Mars, Curiosity looks down over that "lighter" color rock seen from orbit and sees that it is bare rock. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CalTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/0051-assorted-volcanic-rock-curiosity-gale-floor.jpg0051-assorted-volcanic-rock-curiosity-gale-floorA typical view of the area near the landing point of the Curiosity rover. Notice the many different colors, textures and shapes of the rocks attesting to a multiple of origins and yet they are mixed together here somewhat haphazardly. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/curiosity-traverse-path-mars-nasa-sol150.jpgCuriosity-traverse-path-mars-nasa-sol150An annotated map of Curiosity's travels to date showing. Just off the image to the left is the landing zone which is can be seen as the bluish ground where the rockets blasted away the dust. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/yellowknife-bay-panorama-mars-curiosity-2013.jpgYellowknife-bay-panorama-mars-curiosity-2013Another panorama from inside Gale Crater. This time taken from inside the basin/depression that was seen in the image above. Please click to view in all its spectacular detail. Again, this image is a combination of 100s of images stitched together carefully by Damion Bouic. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSS/DamionBouichttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/sol64-mastcam-panorama-mars-gale-crater-floor.jpgSol64-Mastcam-Panorama-Mars-Gale-Crater-floorlarge panorama of sticked together images from Curiosity. 2013-02-07T21:55:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/05/thoughts-on-baraminology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/creatonorchard.gifCreation OrchardThe YEC creation orchard2013-02-06T12:18:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2013/01/30/penguins-huddle-video-sharing-heat/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/centre-of-male-emperor-penguin-huddle-robyn-mundy_l.jpgcentre-of-male-emperor-penguin-huddle--robyn-mundy_lThe center of a male emperor penguin huddle. Image credit: Robyn Mundy.2013-01-30T17:56:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/08/14/the-mars-curiosity-rover-a-geological-history-detective/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-rover-curiosity-landing-site-dunes-satellite.jpgMars-rover-curiosity-landing-site-dunes-satelliteThis is the HiRise satellite image of the terrain south of Curiosity. The dark material are the sand dunes that lie in front of Mt. Sharp and lie about 2 miles from the rover position at the top of the image. Here you can see that the surface has various textures with some of it covered with dust/sand and other areas to the right of the rover seem to be exposed and etched layered rocks. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH. Click for larger version so you can see the etches rocks and layers around the mesas in the bottom of the image.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/rover-curiosity-mars-satellite-dunes.jpgRover-Curiosity-mars-satellite-dunesThis is the HiRise satellite image of the terrain south of Curiosity. The dark material are the sand dunes that lie in front of Mt. Sharp and lie about 2 miles from the rover position at the top of the image. Here you can see that the surface has various textures with some of it covered with dust/sand and other areas to the right of the rover seem to be exposed and etched layered rocks. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/nasa_curiosity_rover-geology-mars.jpgnasa_curiosity_rover-geology-marshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-elevations-gale-crater.jpgMars-elevations-gale-craterGale crater showing that there is thousands of meters of elevation differences on Mars and Gale crater lies at the edge of the lowlands of Mars. This image also shows the relative size of Gale crater to other large craters on Mars. Image credit: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-curiosity-gale-crater-wall-layered-sediments.jpgMars-curiosity-gale-crater-wall-layered-sedimentsGale crater rim is seen in the distance. The mountainous edge of this crater rises at least 3000 feet from the floor of the crater. in the foreground you can see many thin dark layers of rock/sediment then a flat plain running up to the foothills of the larger mountains. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECHhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/curiosity-gale-crater-landing-position1.jpgCuriosity-gale-crater-landing-positionGale crater with the targeted landing area for the Curiosity rover. The large 5 kilometer high mountain in the middle of the 96 mile wide crater is the main geological interest. Image Credit: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/curiosity-gale-crater-landing-position.jpgCuriosity-gale-crater-landing-positionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-curiosity-rocks-diversity-geology-labled.jpgMars-curiosity-rocks-diversity-geology-labledImage from the Curiosity rover showing an area of the martian ground that was "blasted" by the rockets that lowered the rover onto the surface. I have indicated at three different rock types here and the upper right shows a rock that appears to be impeded in the bedrock which looks like some sort of conglomerate itself. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH, click for large, unlabeled version. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-curiosity-mt-sharp-layers-sand-dunes.jpgMars-curiosity-mt-sharp-layers-sand-dunesOff in the distance is the base of "Mt Sharp" which rises more than 3 kilometers from center of gale crater. Here we see the rock strewn are in the foreground with some dark sand dunes which are around an areas of eroded rock showing flat layers of harder rock. Above this are many layers (seen on highest resolution) of sediments of apparently different density/hardness as they have eroded differently. This is one of the main objectives though it is several kilometers away from where the rover is today. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-curiosity-blast-mark-bedrock.jpgMars-curiosity-blast-mark-bedrockImage from the Curiosity rover just 3 days after landing. Here we can see one of the spots where the rockets that lowered the rover to the ground caused the ground to be scoured of all loose sediments to reveal the "bedrock" below. Image credit NASA/JPL, click for full size. 2013-01-18T13:12:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/12/28/huddling-penguins-heat-sharing-selfish-behavior/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/penguins_huddling.jpgPenguins_huddlingEmpire penguins huddling presumably to preserve warmth.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/emperor_huddle.jpgEmperor_Huddlehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/emperor-penguins-fledgling.jpgemperor-penguins-fledgling2013-01-11T15:08:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/12/15/asteroid-toutatis-chinese-images-age-solar-system-tumbler/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/toutatis-image-chinese-probe.jpgToutatis-image-chinese-probehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/asteroid-toutatis-chinese-image-tumbler-chaotic.jpgasteroid-toutatis-chinese-image-tumbler-chaoticPress release images from Chinese Space agency of the Toutis flyby. Image: SASTIND via Weibo / UMSF2012-12-15T23:13:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/09/08/salty-sea-part-3-young-earth-creationism/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/salinity-oceans-earth-histo.gifSalinity-oceans-earth-histoSalinity of oceans estimated for Earth's history. From Hay et al. 2006 (see above reference and link)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/salinity-ocean-18kyr-scienc.gifSalinity of oceans over the past 18,000 yearsSea salinity as estimated by sea water density for the past 18,000 years. C and D show that the density of sea water is estimated to have been much higher in the past than in the present. Higher density means higher salinity. These data run only up through the early 1990s and salinity has certainly dropped since then with the infusion of more glacial and sea ice melting in the past two decades. Figure from: Changes in surface salinity of the North Atlantic Ocean during the last deglaciation. Duplessy et al. 1992 Nature 358: 485-488.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/sea-salt-evaporated-production.gifsea-salt-evaporated-productionhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/mediteranean-salinity-crisis-evaporate-basins.gifmediteranean-salinity-crisis-evaporate-basinsThis map shows the major evaporative basins and sediments found below the Mediterranean Sea. There are thousands of feet of salts found in these locations which represent the deepest points in the sea. The Atlantic ocean does not have these types of sediments below them. These sediments look very similar to the thousands of feet of salt that is found below the Dead Sea which are clearly the result of salts precipitating from a closed basin sea. All of this salt was disolved in sea water at some point in the past but is now removed by evaporation from the sea resulting in changes to the salinity of the seas over time. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/surface-salinity-change-science-salt.pngsurface-salinity-change-science-saltSurface salinity changes from 1950 to 2000. Red shows regions becoming saltier, blue regions becoming fresher: P.J. Durack, et al. Science. 2012. DOI:10.1126/science.12122222014-12-09T14:29:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/09/03/the-salty-sea-part-ii-a-young-earth-salt-chronometer/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/salt-of-dead-sea-israel.jpgsalt-of-dead-sea-israelhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/dead_sea-salt.jpgdead_sea-saltHere is a present day location where salt is being lost from water. The Dead Sea is a super saline body of water and salt crystals form in the water and fall out or form at the edges of the sea as more water evaporates. We will look at other places like the Dead Sea in the next post to see how even larger volumes of salt have been lost from the ocean's in the past. These sorts of losses are not part of the YEC calculations for lost salt.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/saltiness-aig-age-earth-chronometer-figure.jpgsaltiness-AIG-age-earth-chronometer-figureTypical figure presented in YEC books and talks to illustrate the "problem" of sea salt. Image from: 2015-10-14T18:53:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/09/23/salty-sea-partiv-jay-wile-age-earth-young/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/mono-lake-salt-pillars.jpgmono-lake-salt-pillarshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/biology-creation-jay-wile-exploring.jpgbiology-creation-jay-wile-exploringDr. Wiles biology textbook Exploring Creation is a very popular text on biology and has given Dr. Wile a large following on his blog and as a conference speaker. 2012-11-23T15:05:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/11/15/simple-experiment-missinterpreted-amazing-shrinking-icecube/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/shinking-ice-cube-melting.jpgshinking-ice-cube-meltinghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/bottled-water.jpgbottled-waterhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/ice-crystals-mud-ground.jpgice-crystals-mud-groundHere we see ice crystals protruding from the mud. This pictures if from the blog: Rebecca in the Woods (http://rebeccainthewoods.wordpress.com/tag/needle-ice/). What has happened here is that the water in the mud has frozen in the evening and because it expanded when it froze it had not were to go but get pushed up out of the mud. The ice is not "muddy" because when the water molecules form crystals they exclude other molecules in their lattice structure. Another example of this is sea ice, it comes from sea water which has lots of salt but the ice crystals themselves are nearly pure H20. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/water-hydrogen-bond.gifwater-hydrogen-bondWater molecules are attracted to one another by the polarity (negative/positive ends) of the water molecules. Ice forms when the molecular motion slows enough that the hydrogen bonds are maintained rather than constantly breaking as they are in liquid water. 2013-12-19T11:32:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/11/03/the-state-of-creation-science-as-measured-by-scholarly-publishing/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/journal-of-creation-magazines.jpgJournal-of-Creation-Magazineshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/creation-magazine-dingo-origin.jpgcreation-magazine-dingo-originhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/journal-creation-cmi-example.jpgJournal-creation-CMI-exampleThe "Journal of Creation" from Creation Ministries International (CMI) has a long history though the name has changed several times. This was distributed by AIG until the CMI split after which AIG started their own "Answers Research Journal"2014-06-12T09:09:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/10/23/icr-aig-creation-science-organizations-ken-ham/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ken-ham-3000-baptist-church-2011.jpgken-ham-3000-baptist-church-2011Ken Ham speaking to 3000 kids at a Baptist church in 2011. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/ken-ham-speaking-rogers-arkansas.jpgken-ham-speaking-rogers-arkansas2015-05-19T07:38:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/10/18/extraterrestrial-rock-on-mars-meteorites-craters/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/small-meteorite-impact-crater-mars-opportunity.jpgsmall-meteorite-impact-crater-mars-opportunityA small meteorite crater is seen here near a much larger crater in the background. The tracks of the Opportunity rover show where it has traveled. Image: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/sikhote-alin-iron-meteorite-russia-duff.jpgSikhote-alin-iron-meteorite-russia-duffA picture, on a shelf in my office, of my piece of the Sikhote-Alin meteorite that fell in Russia in 1947. There are many known pieces because this large meteorite exploded in the atmosphere before reaching the ground raining molten pieces of this meteorite over many square miles. My piece is about 70 grams and cost me nearly $70 (they are going for a bit less than $1/gram now). Picture: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/micrometeorite-impact-mars-opportunity-rover.jpgMicrometeorite-impact-mars-opportunity-roverLess than on foot in diameter this small impression on the side of this small sand dune looks like a tiny impact crater. I saw this image by Opportunity when it was released and have used it in class to illicit hypotheses about its origin. Image credit: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/possible-meteorite-mars-opportunity-sol3046.jpgPossible-meteorite-mars-Opportunity-sol3046Another possible meteorite as viewed by the Opportunity rover on Mars. Image - NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-spirit-rover-sol-872-iron-meteorite.jpgmars-Spirit-rover-sol-872-iron-meteoriteA pair of iron meteorites (lighter color large rocks in the foreground) seen by the Spirit Rover on Mars. Image credit: NASA/JPLhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-meteorite-shelter-island-lg.jpgmars-meteorite-shelter-island-lgNASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity drove just 700 meters after finding the "Block Island" meteorite and spotted another! On October 1, 2009 it took this image of a meteorite that has been named "Shelter Island." The pitted rock is about 47 centimeters long. Image and caption by NASAhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-meteorite-heat-shield-rock-lg.jpgmars-meteorite-heat-shield-rock-lg"Heat Shield Rock" is the first meteorite ever identified on the surface of another planet. It is a baseball-size iron-nickel meteorite discovered by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity ON January 6, 2005. Its composition and identity as a meteorite were confirmed by the Rover's spectrophotometer - it determined that "Heat Shield Rock" was composed of iron and nickel. The Meteoritical Society originally named it "Meridiani Planum" after the location where it was found - this is the traditional naming convention for meteorites found on Earth. However, the name "Heat Shield Rock" has become more popular. It received that name because it was discovered near the location where Opportunity discarded its heat shield. How long the meteorite has been on the surface of Mars is unknown, however, it shows very little sign of rusting or other alteration. Image and caption by NASAhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-meteorite-block-island-lg.jpgmars-meteorite-block-island-lgThis is a picture of "Block Island," the largest meteorite yet to be found on Mars. It is about 60 centimeters across (about 2 feet) and is estimated to weigh about one-half ton. Analysis of its composition by Rover Opportunity's alpha particle X-ray spectrophotometer reveals that it is rich in iron and nickel - proof positive that it is an iron meteorite. This photo was taken by the navigation camera on NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity on July 28, 20092014-09-22T16:52:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/10/13/curious-geology-stunning-images-reveal-a-complex-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-earth-conglomerate-compare.pngMars-earth-conglomerate-compareComparison of conglomerate rock from Mars and Earth showing similarities in construction. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-rock-jake-volcanic.jpgMars-rock-Jake-volcanicMars rock "Jake" about the size of a football. This is a false color image and shows places where instruments were used to test its composition. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSShttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/692149main_conglomerate-nasa-curiosity-mars.jpg692149main_conglomerate-NASA-curiosity-MarsComposite image taken by Curiosity showing a block of fractured rock that reveals that it is a form of conglomerate. Conglomerates are rocks that are composed of many smaller rocks (gravel) that have been cemented together. As this cementing agent erodes the harder original rocks of what appears to have a been an area of gravel. This gravel is composed of rounded rocks indicating that these stones were tumbled for quite some time. The size of the these gravel stones strongly suggest the action of water versus wind. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0064-curiosity-rock-mound-valley-mars.jpg0064-curiosity-rock-mound-valley-marsLarge rock mound of apparently some consistent material. This is from the telephoto lens and so it several hundred meters away and the mount probably represent many 10s of meters of relief. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0064-eroded-rock-boulders-distance-mars.jpg0064-eroded-rock-boulders-distance-marsThe juncture of two different landforms on Mars. In the forefront smoothed rock at lower elevation while in the distance the darker area is more like the area that the rover is near now which contains many jumbled/strewn rocks of a different composition. This striking "valley" in the foreground is really a challenge to explain. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALTechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0060-layers-mars-sedimentary-rock-curiosity.jpg0060-layers-mars-sedimentary-rock-curiosityimpressive layers of thin rock that have eroded into small ledges. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0051-assorted-volcanic-rock-curiosity-gale-floor.jpg0051-assorted-volcanic-rock-curiosity-gale-floorLooking to the "south" toward the central peak Mt Sharp we find a land of assorted probable volcanic origin rocks scattered around on the surface. A few hundred meters away the scene is very different with hardly any boulders or erratic rocks on the surface. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALtechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/mars-valley-foothills-panorama.jpgMars-valley-foothills-panoramaPanorama of one section of the land in front of the Curiosity rover lying in front of the foothills of the crater wall. This images was put together from NASA/JPL-Caltech images from the rover by Emily Lakdawalla. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0064-curiosity-valley-swept-clean-exposed.jpg0064-curiosity-valley-swept-clean-exposedlooking to the North over the "lighter" terrain as seen in satellite images we see amazing vistas of eroded smooth rock. In the distance are the mountains that make up the crater wall and between the two looks to be another area of rubble and sand rather than smoothed/eroded rocks. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/0054mr0248007000e1thinlayers.jpg0054MR0248007000E1ThinlayersMore thin layers of sediments exposed on surface. Notice that they layers don't seem to be currently horizontal but tipped back. It is likely they were laid down nearly horizontally or possibly as some angle if part of sand dunes, and after solidifying the ground has been tipped to the current angle. Image Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.2016-03-06T03:51:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/10/05/creationism-seventh-day-adventist-church-evolution-young-earth/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/god-sky-land-bull-sda.jpgGod-sky-land-bull-SDAhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/understanding-genesis-adventist-perspective.jpgunderstanding-genesis-adventist-perspectivebull understanding genesis adventist perspective2012-10-05T19:31:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/12/the-strange-rubbing-boulders-of-the-atacama/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/atacamaboulder.jpgAtacamaBoulderRounded Boulder of the Atacama Deserthttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/quade3-200w.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/quade1-200w.jpg2012-10-03T01:16:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/09/04/mushrooms-grass-ohio-yard/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/mushrooms-yard-grass-august-2012.jpgMushrooms-yard-grass-august-2012Typical scene in the backyard this past week. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/puffball-fungus-yard-grass-72-hours.jpgPuffball-fungus-yard-grass-72 hourspuffball fungi 72 hourshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/shelf-fungus-tree-stump.jpgShelf-fungus-tree-stumpShelf fungus coming up out of the ground but probably is attached to an old stump that is buried. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3760.jpgMushroom-closeup-cap-yellow-whitemushroom close up of the prior with the cap Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3757.jpgLarge-mushroom-grass-yellow-brownmushroom Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3679.jpgMushroom-red-cap-stipe-ohiomushroom image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3675.jpgMushroom-gills-stipe-brown-cap-ohiomushroom Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3687.jpgBlack-mushroom-ohio-backyardmore picts Image:Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_36891-e1345951728145.jpgMushroom-ohio-backyardmushroom from backyard. Image: Joel Duffhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/dsc_3689.jpgDSC_3689Mushrooms in the yard. Image: Joel Duff2015-06-21T06:34:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/08/31/diverse-geological-landscapes-found-on-mars-gale-crater-sharp-creation/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/gale-crater-model-ice-dust-mt-sharp.gifGale-Crater-Model-ice-dust-mt-sharpDIRTY SNOWFALLS. Repeated deposits of dust mixed with ice or snow could have built up the giant mound in Gale Crater (and other craters with similar mounds). The process resembles that which scientists think constructed the Martian polar caps. (Image is figure 2 from the paper.)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/rover-wheels-martian-surface.jpgRover-wheels-martian-surfacehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mt-sharp-unconformity-geology-layers.jpgMt-sharp-unconformity-geology-layersA geological unconformity seen on Mars. This image captured by the 100mm camera on Curiosity shows a large section of Mt. Sharp. There are hundreds of layers of rock visible in this image but most interesting is the fact that they all don't lie flat. The dotted line represents the contact point of two rock units of different colors and thus probably compositions that each have layers but they are not at the same angle. Click image for MUCH larger version. Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltechhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-mt-sharp-base-layers-geology.jpgMars-mt-Sharp-base-layers-geologyUsing the 100mm camera on Curiosity this image shows just a portion of foothills to Mt. Sharp which is over 5km tall. This color enhanced image highlights the differences in rock composition and clearly shows the most geological layering yet seen on Mars. Even what is seen here represents several kilometers across and so these are very large (hundreds of meter tall) mounds. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALTech Please click on image for much larger view.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/mars-curiosity-gale-crater-rock-layers-ice.jpgMars-curiosity-gale-crater-rock-layers-iceMast camera image from Curiosity rover. Image credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH. Larger image here: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl-raw-images/msss/00017/mcam/0017MR0050002000C0_DXXX.jpghttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/nasa-hirise-captures-rover.jpgNASA HiRise captures roverThrough a remarkable combination of engineering and mathematics, NASA precisely positioned a second satellite orbiting Mars to capture the split second when Curiosity fell from the skies. Credit: NASA/JPL-CALTECH2013-01-14T18:03:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/18/apparent-age-craters-on-mars/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/tree_rings.jpgtree_ringsTree rings suggesting a history of tree growth2018-04-10T22:50:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/19/good-creation-mimicry-design-and-the-creationists-dilemma/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/dying-leaf-mimic-katydid-young-earth-creationism.jpgdying-leaf-mimic-katydid-young-earth-creationismA katydid mimicking a dying leaf. There are thousands of insects that have features that make them look like plant parts. This is quite obviously an effort on their part to blend in and not be obvious to predators. In many cases individual insect species will take on the look of specific host species trees so that each species of insect will be different in different places in the world. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/tropidoderus-childrenii-leaf-mimic-eucalyptus.jpgtropidoderus-childrenii-leaf-mimic-eucalyptusInsect mimic of a eucalyptus leaf.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/gecko-leaf-mimick-design-creation.jpggecko-leaf-mimick-design-creation2017-07-01T16:02:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/06/07/long-distance-dispersal-via-catastrophic-events/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/japanese_dock_oregon_beach2.jpgJapanese_Dock_Oregon_Beach2Image credit: AFP/Oregon Parks and Recreationhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/japanese_dock_oregon_beach.jpgJapanese_Dock_Oregon_BeachPhoto: Oregon Parks and Recreation Dpt.2012-07-16T17:17:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/07/12/psalm-104-flood-geology-creation-tectonics-mountains-rose-valleys-sank/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/mountain-valley.jpgMountain-valleyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hills-valleys.jpghills-valleyshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/local-flood-aig.jpglocal-flood-AIGThis image was created as a sarcastic commentary on the idea of a "local" flood. the point is that if the waters covered the highest mountains then how could it have been local. The irony for me is that this image includes an obvious mountain but the "scientists" at AIG believe there weren't any mountains like this before the flood and so their image of the flood is not one of water stacked so high anyway. For them the mountain rose up after the Flood and their interpretation of Genesis 104:8 even though it came as a result of their belief that the world was more flat before the flood has now become a proof-text for their scientific worldview of a flat earth with no separate continents before the flood. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/permianforestpnas2012.jpgPermianforestPNAS2012Reconstruction of a 300 million year old forest discovered in China. For a description see my post on the Permian Pompeii. I think for many creation scientists they see the pre-flood world looking most like this. Why, because it lacked mountains was relatively flat and had to have massive amounts of vegetation to account for all the coal in the fossil record. 2015-07-21T13:02:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/06/15/thorns-adam-fall-creation-young-earth-assumptions/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/cactus-garden.jpgcactus-gardenhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/thorns-adam-fall-hovind-cre.gifThorns-adam-fall-Hovind-CreA screenshot from Creation Today video posted on Eric Hovind's young earth creation website June 2012. Here we see Australian McKay showing proof that these fossils were created after Adam's fall. The proof? There are thorns on this plant fossil.2013-09-17T16:49:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/05/16/garden-of-eden-biblical-worldview-temple-beal/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/tabernacle-sinia-isreal-temple-cosmos.jpgTabernacle-sinai-isreal-temple-cosmosThe Tabernacle at Sinai (image credit: Wikipedia)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/garden-of-eden-art-picture-the-bible.jpggarden-of-eden-art-picture-the-bibleAn illustrators impression of the Garden of Eden. (Image linked to source)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/beale-new-testament-biblical-theology.jpgBeale-new-testament-biblical-theologyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/beale-eden-church-misson-new-creation-biblical-theology.jpgBeale-eden-church-misson-new-creation-biblical-theology"The Temple and the Church's Mission" by G.K. Beale. 2004. 2017-09-05T10:09:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/24/giant-fossil-dinosaur-eggs-historical-sciences/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/dinosaur-egg_huge.jpgDinosaur-egg_hugeSeveral of the claimed dinosaur eggs from a rock formation in Chechnya. Many are disputing the fossil finds for some of the reasons I am suggesting here. However, the sensational find has been widely reported and has many now believing that dinosaurs laid such enormous eggs. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/dinosaur-eggs-nests-china-size-comparison.jpgDinosaur-eggs-nests-china-size-comparisonDinosaur eggs from China showing eggs found in nests. You can get a idea of the natural variation in size and shape of dinosaur eggs. The largest here are not much larger than that of an ostrich egg from today. Image credit from: http://dodology.wordpress.com/page/3/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/abc_dinosaur_eggs_rocks.jpgabc_dinosaur_eggs_rocksPicture of two of the claimed dinosaur eggs. 2012-07-14T16:51:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/27/bring-out-your-dust-the-young-earth-creatonist-moon-dust-argument-that-just-wont-die/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/fall-moondust-arthur-clarke.jpgFall-moondust-arthur-clarkehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/pole-moon-footprints-nasa.jpgpole-moon-footprints-nasaIn this NASA image you can see the footprints on the moon revealing the lack of thick dust. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/moon-apollo17-schmitt_boulder.jpgMoon-apollo17-schmitt_boulderAstronaut Harrison Schmitt collecting rocks from the Moon during the Apollo XVII mission.2016-02-02T20:01:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/22/nature-historical-science-origins-observational-experimental-science/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/mars-opportunity-rover-jpl-nasa.jpgmars-opportunity-rover-jpl-nasahttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hallucigenia-fossil.gifhallucigenia-fossilThis fossil named Hallucigenia found only in Cambrian-aged rock. Without having seen a living specimen observational/forensic science explores the features it can see and then hypothesizes what it may have looked like. 2014-02-05T20:11:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/15/creation-creationist-web-sites-aig-cmi-icr-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/web-traffic.jpgweb-traffic2012-05-20T13:05:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/04/04/americas-view-on-evolution-and-creation-gallup-poll-education/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/sunrise.jpgsunrisehttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/enns_evolution-of-adamhalf.jpgLayout 1https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/americasviews_full_4412.pngamericasviews_full_44122012-04-07T20:11:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/12/philip-stott-yong-earth-creationism-geocentricity-reformation-christian-ministries/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/another-world-bookcover-philip-stott.jpgAnother-World-bookcover-philip-stott"Another World" (2010) is Philip Stott's attempt at a sort of creation fiction in which he attempts to explain both the geological and societal in his portrayal of the pre-flood world. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/book-vital-questions-philip-stott.jpgbook-vital-questions-philip-stott"Vital Questions" is a book by Philip Stott that was being promoted and sold at the debate that I attended in 1997. Of all of the creation science books in my collection this one stands out as one of the poorest researched and written. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/stott-150.jpgstott-150Dr. Philip Stott from South Africa2018-07-03T18:31:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/14/state-of-creationism-john-waltons-lost-world-genesis-one-reformed-theology/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/cosmos-through-trees.jpgCosmos-through-treeshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/walton-ancient-old-testament.pngWalton-ancient-old-testamentMany of the side-bar discussions in this book served as the basis of the book "The Lost World of Genesis One." https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/walton-thumb.jpgWalton-thumbJohn Walton, Professor - Wheaton College2012-05-17T16:32:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/01/the-lost-wold-of-new-york-another-ancient-forest-reconstruction/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/baseofeospermopteris.gifBaseofEospermopterisThe fosilized base of an Eospermopteris tree showing the typical flaired base similar to some trees in swampy habitats today.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/eospermatoperis-reconstructed.jpgEospermatoperis-reconstructedFrom Nature in 2007 - A near complete Eospermopteris fossil with detail and reconstruction.https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/nyforestrecostructionmapnat.gifNYForestRecostructionMapNathttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/nature_the_lost_worldnyforestcover.jpgnature_the_lost_worldNYforestcoverMarch 1 cover of Nature magazine. The image is an artistic reconstruction of what a 390 million year old forest preserved in a New York quarry would have looked like.2012-04-12T15:03:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2012/03/05/forest-structure-during-the-age-of-the-dinosaurs-a-cretaceous-reconstruction/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/araucaria_confirssa.jpgAraucaria_confirsSAhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/cretaceous-forest-conifers.gifCretaceous-forest-conifers-Figure from ???? paperhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/fossil-tree-rings-antarctica.jpgFossil-tree-rings-antarcticaFossil tree rings from wood collected in Antarctica. Even the details of individual cells can easily be distinguished in this this section of rock. From these rings measurements of average diameter can be made and compared to rings of similar trees today to compare typical growth rates of the past compared to the present. 2012-03-06T13:45:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/02/creation-on-the-internet-sources-of-information-on-origins/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/wepagevisits.jpgwepagevisitshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/website-analytics.jpgWebAnalyticshttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/interchange.jpginterchange2011-11-25T15:41:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/13/dating-the-earth-amino-acid-racemization/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/chiralmolecule.pngchiralMolecule2011-11-13T21:01:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/11/01/mercury-follow-up-a-watery-beginning/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/youngplanets.jpgyoungplanetsArtistic depiction of the formation of planets around a new star (NASA/JPL/Spitzer)2011-11-01T10:27:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/30/walter-brown-and-the-origin-of-asteroids-and-impact-craters-on-other-planets/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/meteorcraterarizona.jpgmeteorcraterArizonaMeteor Crater in Arizona. I would infer from Brown's writing thathttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/idaasteroidl.jpgidaasteroidLAn example of large asteroid named Ida that has been flown by NASA spacecraft. (image credit: NASA)2019-02-16T21:58:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/14/rediscovering-the-science-of-the-middle-ages/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/the_genesis_of_science.jpgthe_genesis_of_science2011-10-31T11:57:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/15/john-walton-genesis-1-as-ancient-cosmology-review-at-theological-sushi-blog/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/deadseascroll.jpgdeadseascroll2011-10-27T14:52:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/25/a-young-mercury-apparent-age-redux/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/mercurysurface.jpgMercurySurfaceFalse color image of Mercury's surface showing different compositions of rocks just below the surface dust/debris layer. https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/mercuryplanet800.jpgmercuryPlanet800The Planet Mercury2011-10-26T17:36:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/29/testing-knowledge-observation-john-ray/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/commentaries.jpgcommentaries2011-10-25T19:01:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/20/ray-to-lhwyd-in-1695-continued-fossils-and-the-flood/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/fernsfossil2.jpgFernsfossil2Nodule containing fern fossil (click for larger image)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/fernfossil.jpgFernfossilFossil fern leaves2011-10-20T11:26:54+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/17/john-ray-on-woodward-in-1695-words-that-still-apply-today/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/noahsark.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERAIllustration of the building of Noah's Ark from The Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel (1440-1514)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/john-woodward.jpgjohn-woodwardDr . John Woodward (1665-1728)https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/john_woodward.jpgNPG D4911,John Woodward,by; after William Humphrey; Unknown artist2016-12-12T02:38:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/03/a-new-old-genesis-commentary-the-mather-project/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/bibliaamericanafrontcover.pngBibliaAmericanaFrontCoverFront cover of "Biblia Americana" Vol 1 by Cotton Mather2011-10-12T19:59:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/10/08/mather-on-genesis-121-what-is-the-great-sea-creature/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/seamonster.jpgSeaMonster2011-10-08T12:20:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.com/2011/09/02/tas-walker%e2%80%99s-biblical-geology-model/https://thenaturalhistorian.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/bookends.jpgbookends2011-09-27T10:58:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thenaturalhistorian.comdaily1.02026-04-03T19:40:00+00:00